Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

Why are selective breeding studies not conducted with humans?

Marika's mother has red-green colour blindness, but her father does not.What can we predict about the colour vision of Marika and her three brothers?

Rhea and Brandon both have blue eyes.If eye colour is determined by simple dominant-recessive inheritance and brown is dominant, what percentage of their potential offspring will have brown eyes?

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to each other, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Which characteristic most commonly differentiates a man with Supermale syndrome from genetically typical males?

Genetic uniqueness is ensured by a process during meiosis called crossing-over and by which other Mendelian principle?

Which process results in dizygotic twins?

What did both Waddington and Gottesman emphasize as being important to the interaction of heredity and environment in development?

Sketch an illustration that depicts the differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Marcus has just finished a longitudinal twin study of intellectual performance.He included both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs in his study.Based on previous research, what would you predict he will find regarding age-related changes in the similarity of their intellectual scores?

If the differences in IQ scores in a population were entirely a result of genetic factors, what would you expect to find about the correlation in IQ scores for twin pairs?

What is the cause of chromosomal abnormalities such as Klinefelter syndrome or Turner syndrome?

Discuss what shared environmental influences are, and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.

Genetically linked disorders that are severely lethal are typically, but not always, transmitted by which gene pattern?

What does research with monozygotic twins on the role of heredity in mental illness indicate?

Which trait illustrates the principle of codominance?

Three prenatal screening methods to detect abnormalities are amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and ultrasound.Describe each, noting the general kinds of abnormalities that each can detect.

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why fraternal twins and other nontwin siblings are likely to become increasingly dissimilar on many attributes as they mature.

Explain the chromosome abnormality associated with fragile-X syndrome, and describe some of the characteristics found in individuals with this syndrome.

The simple dominant-recessive pattern of genetic transmission is only one type of genetic transmission.Identify and describe three other patterns of genetic transmission and give an example of a characteristic determined by each.