Question 1

Which of the following is ultrasound NOT used for?

Accepted Answer

A) detecting multiple pregnancies 
B) detecting gross physical abnormalities 
C) determining the age of the fetus 
D) determining the presence of hereditary disorders 
A) detecting multiple pregnancies 
B) detecting gross physical abnormalities 
C) determining the age of the fetus 
D) determining the presence of hereditary disorders

Question 2

What is the term for the way in which a person's genotype is expressed in observable characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) genotype 
B) epigenetics 
C) autosomal trend 
D) phenotype 
A) genotype 
B) epigenetics 
C) autosomal trend 
D) phenotype

Question 3

Are most chromosomal abnormalities lethal or nonlethal?

Accepted Answer

A) Most are lethal and result in spontaneous abortion. 
B) Most are nonlethal and result in Down syndrome. 
C) Most are nonlethal and result in fragile-X syndrome. 
D) Most are lethal and result in eventual death during childhood or adolescence. 
A) Most are lethal and result in spontaneous abortion. 
B) Most are nonlethal and result in Down syndrome. 
C) Most are nonlethal and result in fragile-X syndrome. 
D) Most are lethal and result in eventual death during childhood or adolescence.

Question 4

We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive outcomes, but evolutionary theorists believe some of these mutations may instead be beneficial.Provide an example that supports the evolutionary position.

Accepted Answer

Certainly, while many genetic mutations

Question 5

If a trait has a heritability coefficient of .0, what would a behavioural geneticist conclude regarding the influence of genes and environment on this trait?

Accepted Answer

A) This characteristic is moderately influenced by heredity. 
B) This characteristic is strongly influenced by heredity. 
C) Zero percent of an individual's phenotype for that characteristic is due to environmental factors. 
D) This characteristic is not influenced by heredity. 
A) This characteristic is moderately influenced by heredity. 
B) This characteristic is strongly influenced by heredity. 
C) Zero percent of an individual's phenotype for that characteristic is due to environmental factors. 
D) This characteristic is not influenced by heredity.

Question 6

Annelle has a sex chromosome abnormality.Her appearance is typical for a woman and although her IQ is in the low normal range, she seems to have difficulty on tasks that require verbal reasoning.Based on this description, which syndrome does Annelle have?

Accepted Answer

A) Turner syndrome 
B) fragile-X syndrome 
C) Klinefelter syndrome 
D) Poly-X syndrome 
A) Turner syndrome 
B) fragile-X syndrome 
C) Klinefelter syndrome 
D) Poly-X syndrome

Question 7

Imagine that behavioural geneticists have found a way to measure the characteristic of "punctuality." The correlation between twin pairs is .75 for monozygotic twins and .30 for dizygotic twins.Based on this information, what would a behavioural geneticist conclude about the influence of genes and environment on this trait?

Accepted Answer

A) It is strongly influenced by the environment because the heritability coefficient is nearly 1.00. 
B) It is strongly influenced by genetics because the heritability coefficient is nearly 1.00. 
C) It is mildly influenced by genetics because the heritability coefficient is nearly 0.45. 
D) It is mildly influenced by the environment because the heritability coefficient is nearly 0.45. 
A) It is strongly influenced by the environment because the heritability coefficient is nearly 1.00. 
B) It is strongly influenced by genetics because the heritability coefficient is nearly 1.00. 
C) It is mildly influenced by genetics because the heritability coefficient is nearly 0.45. 
D) It is mildly influenced by the environment because the heritability coefficient is nearly 0.45.

Question 8

Most common human characteristics are determined by which gene pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) a single dominant gene 
B) a pair of recessive genes 
C) a single recessive gene 
D) many genes working together 
A) a single dominant gene 
B) a pair of recessive genes 
C) a single recessive gene 
D) many genes working together

Question 9

Which disorder is attributable to a chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A) muscular dystrophy 
B) diabetes 
C) cystic fibrosis 
D) Down syndrome 
A) muscular dystrophy 
B) diabetes 
C) cystic fibrosis 
D) Down syndrome

Question 10

What do the sperm and the ovum each contribute at conception?

Accepted Answer

A) 46 chromosomes 
B) 23 chromosomes, and one X or one Y 
C) 23 single chromosomes 
D) 46 gene pairs and one X and one Y chromosome 
A) 46 chromosomes 
B) 23 chromosomes, and one X or one Y 
C) 23 single chromosomes 
D) 46 gene pairs and one X and one Y chromosome

Question 11

Discuss what nonshared environmental influences (NSE) are, and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.

Accepted Answer

Nonshared environmental influences (NSE)

Question 12

Francine and her husband Jack are carriers of a genetic defect that results in a fatal metabolic disorder.Francine has just been told that she is pregnant.Which prenatal testing procedure would give Francine and Jack the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of their fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) ultrasound 
B) amniocentesis 
C) chorionic villus sampling 
D) genetic imprinting 
A) ultrasound 
B) amniocentesis 
C) chorionic villus sampling 
D) genetic imprinting

Question 13

What is meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) the process of cell division that occurs when portions of the chromosome pair are exchanged before the final cell division occurs 
B) the process of cell division that produces the gametes 
C) the process of cell division that occurs in males 
D) the process of cell division that produces normative growth and development 
A) the process of cell division that occurs when portions of the chromosome pair are exchanged before the final cell division occurs 
B) the process of cell division that produces the gametes 
C) the process of cell division that occurs in males 
D) the process of cell division that produces normative growth and development

Question 14

Which of the following is common to these four chromosomal abnormalities: Turner syndrome, Poly-X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Supermale syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) brittle chromosomes that have broken apart 
B) an abnormal number of sex chromosomes 
C) an extra 22nd chromosome 
D) an extra 21st chromosome 
A) brittle chromosomes that have broken apart 
B) an abnormal number of sex chromosomes 
C) an extra 22nd chromosome 
D) an extra 21st chromosome

Question 15

Behavioural geneticists who study human behaviour usually rely on two types of family studies to determine the influence of heredity on a trait.Describe the rationale behind each of these research designs, and indicate the types of comparisons that can be made with each design.

Accepted Answer

The two types of family studies that beh

Question 16

For many centuries, women were blamed if they failed to produce male offspring.Why was this unfair?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither the father's nor the mother's contribution is the determining factor for the sex of the offspring. 
B) It is the father's contribution that determines the sex of the offspring. 
C) Both the father's and the mother's contributions vary and randomly combine to determine the sex. 
D) The phenomenon known as codominance applies to the determination of sex of the offspring. 
A) Neither the father's nor the mother's contribution is the determining factor for the sex of the offspring. 
B) It is the father's contribution that determines the sex of the offspring. 
C) Both the father's and the mother's contributions vary and randomly combine to determine the sex. 
D) The phenomenon known as codominance applies to the determination of sex of the offspring.

Question 17

Calvin's father has red-green colour blindness, but his mother does not carry the allele for this trait.What can you predict about the colour vision of Calvin and his three sisters?

Accepted Answer

A) Calvin is colour blind, and all his sisters have normal colour vision. 
B) Calvin has normal colour vision, and all his sisters are colour blind. 
C) Calvin and his sisters are all colour blind. 
D) Calvin and his sisters all have normal colour vision, but Calvin's sisters are carriers for the trait. 
A) Calvin is colour blind, and all his sisters have normal colour vision. 
B) Calvin has normal colour vision, and all his sisters are colour blind. 
C) Calvin and his sisters are all colour blind. 
D) Calvin and his sisters all have normal colour vision, but Calvin's sisters are carriers for the trait.

Question 18

For which discovery was Mendel responsible?

Accepted Answer

A) the sequence of genes on the chromosomes 
B) mitosis and meiosis 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) genetic dominance 
A) the sequence of genes on the chromosomes 
B) mitosis and meiosis 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) genetic dominance

Question 19

What procedure might a pregnant woman consider having performed to test for possible chromosomal or genetic defects in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) amniocentesis 
B) ultrasound 
C) germline gene analysis 
D) selective embryonic analysis 
A) amniocentesis 
B) ultrasound 
C) germline gene analysis 
D) selective embryonic analysis

Question 20

Using the example of near-sightedness, define and explain the concept of a "carrier" of a genetic trait.

Accepted Answer

A "carrier" of a genetic trait is an ind

Which of the following is ultrasound NOT used for?

What is the term for the way in which a person's genotype is expressed in observable characteristics?

Are most chromosomal abnormalities lethal or nonlethal?

We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive outcomes, but evolutionary theorists believe some of these mutations may instead be beneficial.Provide an example that supports the evolutionary position.

If a trait has a heritability coefficient of .0, what would a behavioural geneticist conclude regarding the influence of genes and environment on this trait?

Annelle has a sex chromosome abnormality.Her appearance is typical for a woman and although her IQ is in the low normal range, she seems to have difficulty on tasks that require verbal reasoning.Based on this description, which syndrome does Annelle have?

Most common human characteristics are determined by which gene pattern?

Which disorder is attributable to a chromosomal abnormality?

What do the sperm and the ovum each contribute at conception?

Discuss what nonshared environmental influences (NSE) are, and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.

Francine and her husband Jack are carriers of a genetic defect that results in a fatal metabolic disorder.Francine has just been told that she is pregnant.Which prenatal testing procedure would give Francine and Jack the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of their fetus?

What is meiosis?

Which of the following is common to these four chromosomal abnormalities: Turner syndrome, Poly-X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Supermale syndrome?

Behavioural geneticists who study human behaviour usually rely on two types of family studies to determine the influence of heredity on a trait.Describe the rationale behind each of these research designs, and indicate the types of comparisons that can be made with each design.

For many centuries, women were blamed if they failed to produce male offspring.Why was this unfair?

Calvin's father has red-green colour blindness, but his mother does not carry the allele for this trait.What can you predict about the colour vision of Calvin and his three sisters?

For which discovery was Mendel responsible?

What procedure might a pregnant woman consider having performed to test for possible chromosomal or genetic defects in the fetus?

Using the example of near-sightedness, define and explain the concept of a "carrier" of a genetic trait.

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

Which of the following is ultrasound NOT used for?

What is the term for the way in which a person's genotype is expressed in observable characteristics?

Are most chromosomal abnormalities lethal or nonlethal?

We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive outcomes, but evolutionary theorists believe some of these mutations may instead be beneficial.Provide an example that supports the evolutionary position.

If a trait has a heritability coefficient of .0, what would a behavioural geneticist conclude regarding the influence of genes and environment on this trait?

Annelle has a sex chromosome abnormality.Her appearance is typical for a woman and although her IQ is in the low normal range, she seems to have difficulty on tasks that require verbal reasoning.Based on this description, which syndrome does Annelle have?

Most common human characteristics are determined by which gene pattern?

Which disorder is attributable to a chromosomal abnormality?

What do the sperm and the ovum each contribute at conception?

Discuss what nonshared environmental influences (NSE) are, and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.

Francine and her husband Jack are carriers of a genetic defect that results in a fatal metabolic disorder.Francine has just been told that she is pregnant.Which prenatal testing procedure would give Francine and Jack the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of their fetus?

What is meiosis?

Which of the following is common to these four chromosomal abnormalities: Turner syndrome, Poly-X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Supermale syndrome?

Behavioural geneticists who study human behaviour usually rely on two types of family studies to determine the influence of heredity on a trait.Describe the rationale behind each of these research designs, and indicate the types of comparisons that can be made with each design.

For many centuries, women were blamed if they failed to produce male offspring.Why was this unfair?

Calvin's father has red-green colour blindness, but his mother does not carry the allele for this trait.What can you predict about the colour vision of Calvin and his three sisters?

For which discovery was Mendel responsible?

What procedure might a pregnant woman consider having performed to test for possible chromosomal or genetic defects in the fetus?

Using the example of near-sightedness, define and explain the concept of a "carrier" of a genetic trait.

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters