Question 1

Eduardo has curly hair, which is a dominant trait.What can you conclude regarding Eduardo's genotype?

Accepted Answer

A) He is heterozygous. 
B) He is homozygous. 
C) He is polygenic. 
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous. 
A) He is heterozygous. 
B) He is homozygous. 
C) He is polygenic. 
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous.

Question 2

Most genetically inherited human characteristics, such as height, weight, and intelligence, are influenced by many allele pairs.What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A) polygenic inheritance 
B) epigenetics 
C) simple codominant inheritance 
D) independent assortment 
A) polygenic inheritance 
B) epigenetics 
C) simple codominant inheritance 
D) independent assortment

Question 3

Which abnormality of the sex chromosomes is associated with mild-to-severe intellectual disability, particularly when the defective gene is inherited from the mother?

Accepted Answer

A) Turner syndrome 
B) Klinefelter syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Down syndrome 
A) Turner syndrome 
B) Klinefelter syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Down syndrome

Question 4

Describe the difference between the terms genotype and phenotype and provide a single example that illustrates both concepts.

Accepted Answer

The terms genotype and phenotype are bot

Question 5

During meiosis, two basic processes contribute to the eventual hereditary "uniqueness" of the child: independent assortment and crossing-over.Discuss the contributions of each process.

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment occurs when the p

Question 6

Can intellectual disabilities and other problems associated with phenylketonuria be treated or prevented?

Accepted Answer

A) They are preventable by dietary intervention in infancy and childhood. 
B) They are not preventable but are not fatal. 
C) They are reversible if the person is put on a special diet during early childhood. 
D) They are not preventable and are eventually fatal. 
A) They are preventable by dietary intervention in infancy and childhood. 
B) They are not preventable but are not fatal. 
C) They are reversible if the person is put on a special diet during early childhood. 
D) They are not preventable and are eventually fatal.

Question 7

Matt is colour blind, yet both of his parents and his sibling have normal colour vision.One of Matt's grandparents is also colour blind.Which of Matt's grandparents is most likely to be colour blind?

Accepted Answer

A) his maternal grandfather 
B) his maternal grandmother 
C) his paternal grandfather 
D) his paternal grandmother 
A) his maternal grandfather 
B) his maternal grandmother 
C) his paternal grandfather 
D) his paternal grandmother

Question 8

Which statement is the most accurate description of how phenotypes arise based on underlying genotype?

Accepted Answer

A) When a trait is influenced by multiple genes, extreme phenotypes will appear more frequently than average phenotypes. 
B) Most complex phenotypes arise from a simple dominant-recessive pattern. 
C) When a trait is influenced by a single gene pair, a large number of phenotypes will be evident in the population. 
D) Most complex phenotypes arise from polygenic patterns rather than a single dominant gene. 
A) When a trait is influenced by multiple genes, extreme phenotypes will appear more frequently than average phenotypes. 
B) Most complex phenotypes arise from a simple dominant-recessive pattern. 
C) When a trait is influenced by a single gene pair, a large number of phenotypes will be evident in the population. 
D) Most complex phenotypes arise from polygenic patterns rather than a single dominant gene.

Question 9

Identify two potential causes of chromosomal abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Two potential causes of chromosomal abno

Question 10

In comparing amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), which is the most accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Amniocentesis provides earlier results but poses more of a risk to the fetus. 
B) Amniocentesis provides earlier results and poses less of a risk to the fetus. 
C) CVS provides earlier results but poses more of a risk to the fetus. 
D) CVS provides earlier results and poses less of a risk to the fetus. 
A) Amniocentesis provides earlier results but poses more of a risk to the fetus. 
B) Amniocentesis provides earlier results and poses less of a risk to the fetus. 
C) CVS provides earlier results but poses more of a risk to the fetus. 
D) CVS provides earlier results and poses less of a risk to the fetus.

Question 11

Suppose that a researcher reports that he or she has evidence for nonshared environmental influences on a personality trait.What data would he or she have to provide to rule out the influence of individual differences in genotype?

Accepted Answer

A) Monozygotic twins reared together displayed differences that can be attributed only to environmental influences. 
B) Dizygotic twins differed and had experienced different environments. 
C) Siblings differed and had experienced different environments. 
D) Monozygotic twins reared apart did not differ in personality despite environmental differences. 
A) Monozygotic twins reared together displayed differences that can be attributed only to environmental influences. 
B) Dizygotic twins differed and had experienced different environments. 
C) Siblings differed and had experienced different environments. 
D) Monozygotic twins reared apart did not differ in personality despite environmental differences.

Question 12

What is the result of the crossing-over phenomenon during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced. 
B) Undifferentiated germ cells form into gonads. 
C) Two genetic cell types are produced, cells that are either genetically identical to the maternal cells or cells that are genetically identical to the paternal cells. 
D) Segments of genetic material are exchanged between maternal and paternal homologues. 
A) Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced. 
B) Undifferentiated germ cells form into gonads. 
C) Two genetic cell types are produced, cells that are either genetically identical to the maternal cells or cells that are genetically identical to the paternal cells. 
D) Segments of genetic material are exchanged between maternal and paternal homologues.

Question 13

Scarr and McCartney have proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development.Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

Passive genotype/environment interaction

Question 14

Christos has a sex chromosome abnormality.He is taller than most of his friends, but otherwise his appearance is typical for a male.Although he and his wife tried unsuccessfully for several years to conceive a child, his wife is now pregnant.Based on this description, which syndrome does Christos have?

Accepted Answer

A) Supermale syndrome 
B) Turner syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome 
A) Supermale syndrome 
B) Turner syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 15

Explain why diseases such as Tay-Sachs continue to occur, given that the disease is always fatal during early childhood.

Accepted Answer

Diseases such as Tay-Sachs continue to o

Question 16

A genetically extroverted child might seek out situations that involve abundant social interactions.This choice of environments will in turn influence the child's personality development.What would Scarr and McCartney call this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) a passive genotype/environment interaction 
B) an evocative genotype/environment interaction 
C) an active genotype/environment interaction 
D) a canalization/reaction range interaction 
A) a passive genotype/environment interaction 
B) an evocative genotype/environment interaction 
C) an active genotype/environment interaction 
D) a canalization/reaction range interaction

Question 17

Children of mixed-race parents often have skin that is lighter than that of one parent but darker than that of the other parent.What genetic factor accounts for this outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) recessive traits 
B) genetic mutations and crossing-over 
C) codominance of traits 
D) transmission of sex-linked characteristics 
A) recessive traits 
B) genetic mutations and crossing-over 
C) codominance of traits 
D) transmission of sex-linked characteristics

Question 18

Which of the following statements about gene replacement therapy is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene replacement therapy is a treatment for genetic disorders that has been widely used since the early 1970s. 
B) Gene replacement therapy is a highly controversial treatment that is not used because of the ethical concerns. 
C) Gene replacement therapy is a treatment currently used with cystic fibrosis patients to attempt to override the effects of the cystic fibrosis genes. 
D) Gene replacement therapy is an experimental treatment for chromosomal abnormalities and is seldom successful. 
A) Gene replacement therapy is a treatment for genetic disorders that has been widely used since the early 1970s. 
B) Gene replacement therapy is a highly controversial treatment that is not used because of the ethical concerns. 
C) Gene replacement therapy is a treatment currently used with cystic fibrosis patients to attempt to override the effects of the cystic fibrosis genes. 
D) Gene replacement therapy is an experimental treatment for chromosomal abnormalities and is seldom successful.

Question 19

Which process results in monozygotic twins?

Accepted Answer

A) germline reproduction 
B) a single fertilized ovum splitting into two zygotes 
C) two ova released at the same time, each fertilized by a different sperm 
D) crossing-over 
A) germline reproduction 
B) a single fertilized ovum splitting into two zygotes 
C) two ova released at the same time, each fertilized by a different sperm 
D) crossing-over

Question 20

What is the name of the field for the study of gene influences on behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) biometric analysis 
B) behavioural genetics 
C) eugenics 
D) ethology 
A) biometric analysis 
B) behavioural genetics 
C) eugenics 
D) ethology

Eduardo has curly hair, which is a dominant trait.What can you conclude regarding Eduardo's genotype?

Most genetically inherited human characteristics, such as height, weight, and intelligence, are influenced by many allele pairs.What is this phenomenon called?

Which abnormality of the sex chromosomes is associated with mild-to-severe intellectual disability, particularly when the defective gene is inherited from the mother?

Describe the difference between the terms genotype and phenotype and provide a single example that illustrates both concepts.

During meiosis, two basic processes contribute to the eventual hereditary "uniqueness" of the child: independent assortment and crossing-over.Discuss the contributions of each process.

Can intellectual disabilities and other problems associated with phenylketonuria be treated or prevented?

Matt is colour blind, yet both of his parents and his sibling have normal colour vision.One of Matt's grandparents is also colour blind.Which of Matt's grandparents is most likely to be colour blind?

Which statement is the most accurate description of how phenotypes arise based on underlying genotype?

Identify two potential causes of chromosomal abnormalities.

In comparing amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), which is the most accurate statement?

Suppose that a researcher reports that he or she has evidence for nonshared environmental influences on a personality trait.What data would he or she have to provide to rule out the influence of individual differences in genotype?

What is the result of the crossing-over phenomenon during meiosis?

Scarr and McCartney have proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development.Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Explain why diseases such as Tay-Sachs continue to occur, given that the disease is always fatal during early childhood.

A genetically extroverted child might seek out situations that involve abundant social interactions.This choice of environments will in turn influence the child's personality development.What would Scarr and McCartney call this interaction?

Children of mixed-race parents often have skin that is lighter than that of one parent but darker than that of the other parent.What genetic factor accounts for this outcome?

Which of the following statements about gene replacement therapy is accurate?

Which process results in monozygotic twins?

What is the name of the field for the study of gene influences on behaviour?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

Eduardo has curly hair, which is a dominant trait.What can you conclude regarding Eduardo's genotype?

Most genetically inherited human characteristics, such as height, weight, and intelligence, are influenced by many allele pairs.What is this phenomenon called?

Which abnormality of the sex chromosomes is associated with mild-to-severe intellectual disability, particularly when the defective gene is inherited from the mother?

Describe the difference between the terms genotype and phenotype and provide a single example that illustrates both concepts.

During meiosis, two basic processes contribute to the eventual hereditary "uniqueness" of the child: independent assortment and crossing-over.Discuss the contributions of each process.

Can intellectual disabilities and other problems associated with phenylketonuria be treated or prevented?

Matt is colour blind, yet both of his parents and his sibling have normal colour vision.One of Matt's grandparents is also colour blind.Which of Matt's grandparents is most likely to be colour blind?

Which statement is the most accurate description of how phenotypes arise based on underlying genotype?

Identify two potential causes of chromosomal abnormalities.

In comparing amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), which is the most accurate statement?

Suppose that a researcher reports that he or she has evidence for nonshared environmental influences on a personality trait.What data would he or she have to provide to rule out the influence of individual differences in genotype?

What is the result of the crossing-over phenomenon during meiosis?

Scarr and McCartney have proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development.Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Explain why diseases such as Tay-Sachs continue to occur, given that the disease is always fatal during early childhood.

A genetically extroverted child might seek out situations that involve abundant social interactions.This choice of environments will in turn influence the child's personality development.What would Scarr and McCartney call this interaction?

Children of mixed-race parents often have skin that is lighter than that of one parent but darker than that of the other parent.What genetic factor accounts for this outcome?

Which of the following statements about gene replacement therapy is accurate?

Which process results in monozygotic twins?

What is the name of the field for the study of gene influences on behaviour?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters