Question 1

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the text relate to the issue of heredity and development.

Accepted Answer

The four central developmental themes of

Question 2

Assume that having long arms is a recessive genetic trait controlled by a single pair of genes.If a child has long arms, but both the child's biological parents have short arms, what are the parents' genotypes for this trait?

Accepted Answer

A) The father is heterozygous and the mother is homozygous. 
B) Both parents are heterozygous. 
C) The mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous. 
D) Both parents are homozygous. 
A) The father is heterozygous and the mother is homozygous. 
B) Both parents are heterozygous. 
C) The mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous. 
D) Both parents are homozygous.

Question 3

What is the term for the notion that genotype sets limits on the possible phenotypes that an individual might display in response to different environments?

Accepted Answer

A) canalization 
B) range of reaction 
C) gene-environment correlation 
D) heritability coefficient 
A) canalization 
B) range of reaction 
C) gene-environment correlation 
D) heritability coefficient

Question 4

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the heritability coefficient of a particular trait or characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) the correlation between monozygotic twins reared together and the correlation between monozygotic twins reared apart 
B) the correlation between dizygotic twins reared together and the correlation between monozygotic twins reared apart 
C) the correlation between monozygotic twins reared together and the correlation between dizygotic twins reared together 
D) only the correlation between monozygotic twins reared together 
A) the correlation between monozygotic twins reared together and the correlation between monozygotic twins reared apart 
B) the correlation between dizygotic twins reared together and the correlation between monozygotic twins reared apart 
C) the correlation between monozygotic twins reared together and the correlation between dizygotic twins reared together 
D) only the correlation between monozygotic twins reared together

Question 5

If the correlation for a trait is .75 for monozygotic twins, .55 for siblings, .23 for cousins, and .11 for genetically unrelated adopted siblings, what could you conclude regarding the contribution of heredity and environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Heredity plays no role in the trait. 
B) Environment plays no role in the trait. 
C) Heredity is a prime contributor to the trait, but environment also plays a role. 
D) Environment is the prime contributor to the trait, with heredity making only a minor contribution. 
A) Heredity plays no role in the trait. 
B) Environment plays no role in the trait. 
C) Heredity is a prime contributor to the trait, but environment also plays a role. 
D) Environment is the prime contributor to the trait, with heredity making only a minor contribution.

Question 6

Some genetic disorders, such as Tay-Sachs disease, are always fatal, and yet these diseases occur in the offspring of two parents without the disorders themselves.How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A) They are due to chromosomal abnormalities that occur as a result of aging of the ova or from exposure to environmental hazards. 
B) They are spontaneous mutations that occur in response to stressors in the environment. 
C) They are recessive disorders that occur when both parents are heterozygous carriers of the recessive gene. 
D) They are the result of damage to the fetus during pregnancy and not inherited directly from the parents. 
A) They are due to chromosomal abnormalities that occur as a result of aging of the ova or from exposure to environmental hazards. 
B) They are spontaneous mutations that occur in response to stressors in the environment. 
C) They are recessive disorders that occur when both parents are heterozygous carriers of the recessive gene. 
D) They are the result of damage to the fetus during pregnancy and not inherited directly from the parents.

Question 7

Identify two different types of twins, and describe the way in which each type of twinning occurs.

Accepted Answer

There are two different types of twins:

Question 8

Nerissa has a sex chromosome abnormality.She is short and has difficulty with tasks that require spatial reasoning.Based on this description, which syndrome does Nerissa have?

Accepted Answer

A) Poly-X syndrome 
B) Turner syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome 
A) Poly-X syndrome 
B) Turner syndrome 
C) fragile-X syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 9

Summarize the range-of-reaction principle using appropriate examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the range-of-reaction principle using appropriate examples....

Question 10

Suppose that a researcher finds that monozygotic twins reared together in the same home show differences with respect to intelligence.What do those differences indicate about the role of environmental and genetic factors in the development of that trait?

Accepted Answer

A) Environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors. 
B) Genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors. 
C) Both genetics and environmental factors contribute equally. 
D) Genetic factors are solely responsible. 
A) Environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors. 
B) Genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors. 
C) Both genetics and environmental factors contribute equally. 
D) Genetic factors are solely responsible.

Question 11

How does the influence of shared and nonshared environmental factors on intellectual development change with age?

Accepted Answer

A) nonshared factors increase and shared factors decrease 
B) shared factors increase and nonshared factors decrease 
C) both nonshared factors and shared factors decrease 
D) both nonshared factors and shared factors increase 
A) nonshared factors increase and shared factors decrease 
B) shared factors increase and nonshared factors decrease 
C) both nonshared factors and shared factors decrease 
D) both nonshared factors and shared factors increase

Question 12

In comparison to ethologists, what is the best characterization of the position of behavioural geneticists?

Accepted Answer

A) Like ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for what makes individuals similar. 
B) Unlike ethologists, behavioural geneticists focus on the contribution of heredity and minimize the role of environment. 
C) Like ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for variation among individuals. 
D) Unlike ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for variation among individuals. 
A) Like ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for what makes individuals similar. 
B) Unlike ethologists, behavioural geneticists focus on the contribution of heredity and minimize the role of environment. 
C) Like ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for variation among individuals. 
D) Unlike ethologists, behavioural geneticists emphasize the biological basis for variation among individuals.

Question 13

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Accepted Answer

A) chromosomes 
B) genes 
C) DNA 
D) proteins 
A) chromosomes 
B) genes 
C) DNA 
D) proteins

Question 14

Many genetic disorders can be traced to recessive genes.What results from a single dominant gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Huntington's disease 
B) sickle-cell anemia 
C) PKU syndrome 
D) Turner syndrome 
A) Huntington's disease 
B) sickle-cell anemia 
C) PKU syndrome 
D) Turner syndrome

Question 15

Max and his wife have five daughters.Max was complaining to his friends that he thinks his wife must have too much estrogen and that is why they have not had a boy.Why is Max's reasoning flawed?

Accepted Answer

A) The sex of the child is determined by his wife's genetic contribution, but not because of her estrogen level. 
B) The sex of the child is determined by Max's genetic contribution. 
C) Both parents' genetic contributions contribute to the determination of the child's sex. 
D) The sex of the child is the result of codominance, and it is the dominant parent's genetic contribution that determines the sex of the child. 
A) The sex of the child is determined by his wife's genetic contribution, but not because of her estrogen level. 
B) The sex of the child is determined by Max's genetic contribution. 
C) Both parents' genetic contributions contribute to the determination of the child's sex. 
D) The sex of the child is the result of codominance, and it is the dominant parent's genetic contribution that determines the sex of the child.

Question 16

What is the term for the particular combination of genes that each person inherits?

Accepted Answer

A) autosome 
B) genetic imprint 
C) phenotype 
D) genotype 
A) autosome 
B) genetic imprint 
C) phenotype 
D) genotype

Question 17

Many hereditary disorders such as Tay-Sachs or phenylketonuria affect metabolic functioning.What is the prognosis for children with these disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) All are lethal, so all children will not survive. 
B) All are treatable, so all children will live normal lives. 
C) Some are lethal and others are treatable through diet, hormones, or gene replacement. 
D) Even if treated, all affected children typically have serious abnormalities that prevent normal lives. 
A) All are lethal, so all children will not survive. 
B) All are treatable, so all children will live normal lives. 
C) Some are lethal and others are treatable through diet, hormones, or gene replacement. 
D) Even if treated, all affected children typically have serious abnormalities that prevent normal lives.

Question 18

Sickle-cell anemia is a characteristic involving incomplete dominance.Suppose that a person is heterozygous for this characteristic.What will be the state of his or her red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They will consist of a mixture of some normal round cells and some abnormal sickle-shaped cells. 
B) They will consist of normal round cells in childhood but will mutate into sickle-shaped cells by adulthood. 
C) They will consist of only sickle-shaped blood cells. 
D) They will consist of no sickle-shaped blood cells. 
A) They will consist of a mixture of some normal round cells and some abnormal sickle-shaped cells. 
B) They will consist of normal round cells in childhood but will mutate into sickle-shaped cells by adulthood. 
C) They will consist of only sickle-shaped blood cells. 
D) They will consist of no sickle-shaped blood cells.

Question 19

Suzanne is 12 and her younger sister Ellen is 10, and the two girls are as different as night and day.Suzanne is impulsive, short-tempered, and generally hard to get along with, at least from her parents' point of view, although she is very popular with children of her own age.Ellen is typically quiet and pensive, much more interested in school studies than in school children, and generally reserved around other people.(a) How do each of the girls rate on the introversion/extroversion scale? (b) In terms of genetics, how might the girls be so different? (c) In terms of environment, how might the girls be so different?

Accepted Answer

(a) Suzanne is on the extrovert end of t

Question 20

During the first few months of life, infants around the world vocalize quite similarly.What accounts for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) canalization 
B) nonshared environmental factors 
C) shared environmental factors 
D) range of reaction 
A) canalization 
B) nonshared environmental factors 
C) shared environmental factors 
D) range of reaction

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the text relate to the issue of heredity and development.

Assume that having long arms is a recessive genetic trait controlled by a single pair of genes.If a child has long arms, but both the child's biological parents have short arms, what are the parents' genotypes for this trait?

What is the term for the notion that genotype sets limits on the possible phenotypes that an individual might display in response to different environments?

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the heritability coefficient of a particular trait or characteristic?

If the correlation for a trait is .75 for monozygotic twins, .55 for siblings, .23 for cousins, and .11 for genetically unrelated adopted siblings, what could you conclude regarding the contribution of heredity and environment?

Some genetic disorders, such as Tay-Sachs disease, are always fatal, and yet these diseases occur in the offspring of two parents without the disorders themselves.How is this possible?

Identify two different types of twins, and describe the way in which each type of twinning occurs.

Nerissa has a sex chromosome abnormality.She is short and has difficulty with tasks that require spatial reasoning.Based on this description, which syndrome does Nerissa have?

Summarize the range-of-reaction principle using appropriate examples.

Suppose that a researcher finds that monozygotic twins reared together in the same home show differences with respect to intelligence.What do those differences indicate about the role of environmental and genetic factors in the development of that trait?

How does the influence of shared and nonshared environmental factors on intellectual development change with age?

In comparison to ethologists, what is the best characterization of the position of behavioural geneticists?

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Many genetic disorders can be traced to recessive genes.What results from a single dominant gene?

Max and his wife have five daughters.Max was complaining to his friends that he thinks his wife must have too much estrogen and that is why they have not had a boy.Why is Max's reasoning flawed?

What is the term for the particular combination of genes that each person inherits?

Many hereditary disorders such as Tay-Sachs or phenylketonuria affect metabolic functioning.What is the prognosis for children with these disorders?

Sickle-cell anemia is a characteristic involving incomplete dominance.Suppose that a person is heterozygous for this characteristic.What will be the state of his or her red blood cells?

During the first few months of life, infants around the world vocalize quite similarly.What accounts for this phenomenon?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the text relate to the issue of heredity and development.

Assume that having long arms is a recessive genetic trait controlled by a single pair of genes.If a child has long arms, but both the child's biological parents have short arms, what are the parents' genotypes for this trait?

What is the term for the notion that genotype sets limits on the possible phenotypes that an individual might display in response to different environments?

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the heritability coefficient of a particular trait or characteristic?

If the correlation for a trait is .75 for monozygotic twins, .55 for siblings, .23 for cousins, and .11 for genetically unrelated adopted siblings, what could you conclude regarding the contribution of heredity and environment?

Some genetic disorders, such as Tay-Sachs disease, are always fatal, and yet these diseases occur in the offspring of two parents without the disorders themselves.How is this possible?

Identify two different types of twins, and describe the way in which each type of twinning occurs.

Nerissa has a sex chromosome abnormality.She is short and has difficulty with tasks that require spatial reasoning.Based on this description, which syndrome does Nerissa have?

Summarize the range-of-reaction principle using appropriate examples.

Suppose that a researcher finds that monozygotic twins reared together in the same home show differences with respect to intelligence.What do those differences indicate about the role of environmental and genetic factors in the development of that trait?

How does the influence of shared and nonshared environmental factors on intellectual development change with age?

In comparison to ethologists, what is the best characterization of the position of behavioural geneticists?

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Many genetic disorders can be traced to recessive genes.What results from a single dominant gene?

Max and his wife have five daughters.Max was complaining to his friends that he thinks his wife must have too much estrogen and that is why they have not had a boy.Why is Max's reasoning flawed?

What is the term for the particular combination of genes that each person inherits?

Many hereditary disorders such as Tay-Sachs or phenylketonuria affect metabolic functioning.What is the prognosis for children with these disorders?

Sickle-cell anemia is a characteristic involving incomplete dominance.Suppose that a person is heterozygous for this characteristic.What will be the state of his or her red blood cells?

During the first few months of life, infants around the world vocalize quite similarly.What accounts for this phenomenon?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters