Question 1

The rapid evolution of bacteria and fungi in certain environments is used in the field of:

Accepted Answer

A)  bioremediation. 
B)  plant genomics. 
C)  medical diagnostics. 
D)  human disease genetics. 
E)  human genome sequencing. 
A)  bioremediation. 
B)  plant genomics. 
C)  medical diagnostics. 
D)  human disease genetics. 
E)  human genome sequencing. A

Question 2

Two species have homologous structures. What can we infer?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structures are identical. 
B)  The structures have the same function. 
C)  The species have very different ancestors. 
D)  The species are related by a common ancestry. 
E)  The structures have the same function and they are identical. 
A)  The structures are identical. 
B)  The structures have the same function. 
C)  The species have very different ancestors. 
D)  The species are related by a common ancestry. 
E)  The structures have the same function and they are identical. D

Question 3

Figure 18-1   Which pair correctly matches two homoplastic features in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  3 and 6 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  1 and 5 
A)  1 and 4 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  3 and 6 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  1 and 5 B

Question 4

Which is the study of past and present distributions of organisms on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeography 
B)  biological ecology 
C)  distribution biology 
D)  geographical ecology 
E)  organismal geography 
A)  biogeography 
B)  biological ecology 
C)  distribution biology 
D)  geographical ecology 
E)  organismal geography

Question 5

Four of the following ideas are consistent with Darwinian evolution . Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in a population are genetically variable. 
B)  A struggle for existence exists among individuals of a population. 
C)  Traits acquired during an individual's life are passed on to its offspring. 
D)  A population is capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support. 
E)  Individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. 
A)  Individuals in a population are genetically variable. 
B)  A struggle for existence exists among individuals of a population. 
C)  Traits acquired during an individual's life are passed on to its offspring. 
D)  A population is capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support. 
E)  Individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 6

What part of Darwin's theory was incomplete due to a lack of knowledge at the time of publication? How does the synthetic theory of evolution explain this?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Mendelia

Question 7

A cactus spine and a pea tendril illustrate homoplasy because both are modified leaves. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Who originally published the idea that food supplies, which sustain animal populations, have the capacity to increase arithmetically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
A)  Aristotle 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 9

Acquired variations that are favorable to the survival of an organism tend to be present in greater frequency in the next generation of those organisms. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The decrease of carbon-12 in a fossil indicates the age of that fossil. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What mechanism would explain how fossils of the same organism can be found in parts of Africa and South America?

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeography 
B)  natural selection 
C)  continental drift 
D)  homoplastic features 
E)  convergent evolution 
A)  biogeography 
B)  natural selection 
C)  continental drift 
D)  homoplastic features 
E)  convergent evolution

Question 12

What is an example of a limit on population growth, and proposed by Darwin to be a mechanism of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  predation 
B)  inheritance of traits 
C)  epidermal coloration 
D)  resistance to infection 
E)  spawning of hundreds of eggs 
A)  predation 
B)  inheritance of traits 
C)  epidermal coloration 
D)  resistance to infection 
E)  spawning of hundreds of eggs

Question 13

The modern synthesis theory of evolution explains Darwin's observations of variation among offspring in terms of amino acid substitutions. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Figure 18-11   What is the land mass labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica 
A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica

Question 15

Darwin observed that species found on ocean islands do not resemble species on islands with similar environment in other parts of the world. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

How do fossils provide evidence of evolution? How are scientists able to determine the age of fossils?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Fossils show the t

Question 17

Which example best illustrates homoplasy?

Accepted Answer

A)  shark fins and dog tails 
B)  whale fins and bat wings 
C)  bird wings and insect wings 
D)  cactus spine and pea tendril 
E)  elongated snout of aardvarks and pangolins 
A)  shark fins and dog tails 
B)  whale fins and bat wings 
C)  bird wings and insect wings 
D)  cactus spine and pea tendril 
E)  elongated snout of aardvarks and pangolins

Question 18

Scientific evidence in the field of developmental biology overwhelmingly demonstrates that development in different animals is controlled by the same kinds of:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA. 
B)  genes. 
C)  habitats. 
D)  embryos. 
E)  populations. 
A)  RNA. 
B)  genes. 
C)  habitats. 
D)  embryos. 
E)  populations.

Question 19

Explain this statement: "There is bias in the fossil record."

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Animals

Question 20

Figure 18-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. The average weight of a female guppy in the experimental group is:

Accepted Answer

A)  70 g. 
B)  80 mg. 
C)  170 mg. 
D)  180 g. 
E)  190 mg. 
A)  70 g. 
B)  80 mg. 
C)  170 mg. 
D)  180 g. 
E)  190 mg.

Exam 18: Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

The rapid evolution of bacteria and fungi in certain environments is used in the field of:

Two species have homologous structures. What can we infer?

Figure 18-1 Which pair correctly matches two homoplastic features in the accompanying figure?

Which is the study of past and present distributions of organisms on Earth?

Four of the following ideas are consistent with Darwinian evolution . Which one is the exception?

What part of Darwin's theory was incomplete due to a lack of knowledge at the time of publication? How does the synthetic theory of evolution explain this?

A cactus spine and a pea tendril illustrate homoplasy because both are modified leaves. __________________

Who originally published the idea that food supplies, which sustain animal populations, have the capacity to increase arithmetically?

Acquired variations that are favorable to the survival of an organism tend to be present in greater frequency in the next generation of those organisms. __________________

The decrease of carbon-12 in a fossil indicates the age of that fossil. __________________

What mechanism would explain how fossils of the same organism can be found in parts of Africa and South America?

What is an example of a limit on population growth, and proposed by Darwin to be a mechanism of evolution by natural selection?

The modern synthesis theory of evolution explains Darwin's observations of variation among offspring in terms of amino acid substitutions. __________________

Figure 18-11 What is the land mass labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure?

Darwin observed that species found on ocean islands do not resemble species on islands with similar environment in other parts of the world. __________________

How do fossils provide evidence of evolution? How are scientists able to determine the age of fossils?

Which example best illustrates homoplasy?

Scientific evidence in the field of developmental biology overwhelmingly demonstrates that development in different animals is controlled by the same kinds of:

Explain this statement: "There is bias in the fossil record."

Figure 18-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. The average weight of a female guppy in the experimental group is:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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