Question 1

Which organism exhibits meroblastic cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A)  echinoderms 
B)  amphibians 
C)  mollusks 
D)  annelids 
E)  birds 
A)  echinoderms 
B)  amphibians 
C)  mollusks 
D)  annelids 
E)  birds E

Question 2

Before a sperm can participate in fertilization, it must undergo ____ in the female reproductive tract.

Accepted Answer

A)  the acrosome reaction 
B)  the cortical reaction 
C)  spermatogenesis 
D)  determination 
E)  capacitation 
A)  the acrosome reaction 
B)  the cortical reaction 
C)  spermatogenesis 
D)  determination 
E)  capacitation E

Question 3

Amphibian eggs have large amounts of yolk at the ____ pole, and most metabolism takes place at the ____ pole.

Accepted Answer

A)  animal; vegetal 
B)  animal; animal 
C)  vegetal; vegetal 
D)  vegetal; animal 
E)  totipotent; telolecithal 
A)  animal; vegetal 
B)  animal; animal 
C)  vegetal; vegetal 
D)  vegetal; animal 
E)  totipotent; telolecithal D

Question 4

The embryo becomes implanted in the endometrium of the uterus due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  special receptors on the endometrium to which the blastocyst attaches. 
B)  enzymes secreted by the trophoblast, which erode an area of the endometrium for entry of the embryo. 
C)  special phagocytic cells in the endometrium, which engulf the embryo. 
D)  the sticky coat of the zona pellucida, which adheres to the endometrium. 
E)  the action of hCG secreted by the embryo. 
A)  special receptors on the endometrium to which the blastocyst attaches. 
B)  enzymes secreted by the trophoblast, which erode an area of the endometrium for entry of the embryo. 
C)  special phagocytic cells in the endometrium, which engulf the embryo. 
D)  the sticky coat of the zona pellucida, which adheres to the endometrium. 
E)  the action of hCG secreted by the embryo.

Question 5

In sea urchins, the fertilization envelope forms from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  vitelline envelope. 
B)  jelly coat. 
C)  zona pellucida. 
D)  plasma membrane. 
E)  granulosa cells. 
A)  vitelline envelope. 
B)  jelly coat. 
C)  zona pellucida. 
D)  plasma membrane. 
E)  granulosa cells.

Question 6

Monozygotic twins:

Accepted Answer

A)  occur when two eggs are ovulated. 
B)  may be of different sexes. 
C)  have different sets of genes. 
D)  are called identical twins. 
E)  result from the fertilization of two sperm cells. 
A)  occur when two eggs are ovulated. 
B)  may be of different sexes. 
C)  have different sets of genes. 
D)  are called identical twins. 
E)  result from the fertilization of two sperm cells.

Question 7

Provide a brief summary for the fate of each of the three germ layers.

Accepted Answer

The fates of the thr

Question 8

Embryonic endoderm gives rise to:

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle. 
B)  the lining of the digestive tract. 
C)  the nervous system. 
D)  skin. 
E)  skeletal tissue. 
A)  muscle. 
B)  the lining of the digestive tract. 
C)  the nervous system. 
D)  skin. 
E)  skeletal tissue.

Question 9

The first system to develop in the vertebrate embryo is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  circulatory system. 
B)  digestive system. 
C)  excretory system. 
D)  reproductive system. 
E)  nervous system. 
A)  circulatory system. 
B)  digestive system. 
C)  excretory system. 
D)  reproductive system. 
E)  nervous system.

Question 10

The chorion is the extraembryonic membrane closest to the embryo proper.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When a human embryo is implanted in the uterus, the embryo is in the morula stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which statement about sperm entry is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fertilization cone formed by microvilli of the egg membrane contracts and draws the sperm inward. 
B)  The egg phagocytizes the acrosome of the sperm so it can enter the cell. 
C)  The cilia on the egg membrane beat and sweep the sperm inside. 
D)  The sperm releases calcium ions, which make the egg membrane permeable to its entry. 
E)  The egg secretes bindin protein, which allows sperm penetration. 
A)  The fertilization cone formed by microvilli of the egg membrane contracts and draws the sperm inward. 
B)  The egg phagocytizes the acrosome of the sperm so it can enter the cell. 
C)  The cilia on the egg membrane beat and sweep the sperm inside. 
D)  The sperm releases calcium ions, which make the egg membrane permeable to its entry. 
E)  The egg secretes bindin protein, which allows sperm penetration.

Question 13

As part of the fertilization process, the egg completes meiosis I .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In birds and reptiles, the allantois stores nitrogenous wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Figure 51-4 .   Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 2 is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  neural plate 
B)  neural fold 
C)  notochord 
D)  somite 
E)  neural crest 
A)  neural plate 
B)  neural fold 
C)  notochord 
D)  somite 
E)  neural crest

Question 16

The fast block to polyspermy involves the:

Accepted Answer

A)  release of inhibitors of acrosomal enzymes. 
B)  synthesis of a new sperm-resistant membrane. 
C)  accumulation of calcium ions in the acrosome. 
D)  opening of ion channels that change the polarity of the egg membrane. 
E)  destruction of excess bindin receptors on the sperm. 
A)  release of inhibitors of acrosomal enzymes. 
B)  synthesis of a new sperm-resistant membrane. 
C)  accumulation of calcium ions in the acrosome. 
D)  opening of ion channels that change the polarity of the egg membrane. 
E)  destruction of excess bindin receptors on the sperm.

Question 17

In most animals, the sperm and egg contribute an equal ____ to the zygote.

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of cytoplasm 
B)  number of chromosomes 
C)  number of enzymes 
D)  number of mitochondria 
E)  number of ribosomes 
A)  amount of cytoplasm 
B)  number of chromosomes 
C)  number of enzymes 
D)  number of mitochondria 
E)  number of ribosomes

Question 18

In the amphibian embryo, the first cleavage bisects the gray crescent .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the correct sequence through which early development proceeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  morula → zygote → gastrula → blastula 
B)  zygote → blastula → morula → gastrula 
C)  zygote → blastula → gastrula → morula 
D)  zygote → gastrula → blastula → morula 
E)  zygote → morula → blastula → gastrula 
A)  morula → zygote → gastrula → blastula 
B)  zygote → blastula → morula → gastrula 
C)  zygote → blastula → gastrula → morula 
D)  zygote → gastrula → blastula → morula 
E)  zygote → morula → blastula → gastrula

Question 20

The percentage of twins being born has increased in the past 20 years because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the increased use of fertility inducing drugs. 
B)  increases in hospital care. 
C)  the desire of more couples to have twins. 
D)  the increased use of thalidomide. 
E)  the increased incidence of German measles. 
A)  the increased use of fertility inducing drugs. 
B)  increases in hospital care. 
C)  the desire of more couples to have twins. 
D)  the increased use of thalidomide. 
E)  the increased incidence of German measles.

Exam 51: Animal Development

Which organism exhibits meroblastic cleavage?

Before a sperm can participate in fertilization, it must undergo ____ in the female reproductive tract.

Amphibian eggs have large amounts of yolk at the ____ pole, and most metabolism takes place at the ____ pole.

The embryo becomes implanted in the endometrium of the uterus due to:

In sea urchins, the fertilization envelope forms from the:

Monozygotic twins:

Provide a brief summary for the fate of each of the three germ layers.

Embryonic endoderm gives rise to:

The first system to develop in the vertebrate embryo is the:

The chorion is the extraembryonic membrane closest to the embryo proper.

When a human embryo is implanted in the uterus, the embryo is in the morula stage.

Which statement about sperm entry is TRUE?

As part of the fertilization process, the egg completes meiosis I .

In birds and reptiles, the allantois stores nitrogenous wastes.

Figure 51-4 . Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 2 is the:

The fast block to polyspermy involves the:

In most animals, the sperm and egg contribute an equal ____ to the zygote.

In the amphibian embryo, the first cleavage bisects the gray crescent .

What is the correct sequence through which early development proceeds?

The percentage of twins being born has increased in the past 20 years because of:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Amphibian eggs have large amounts of yolk at the pole, and most metabolism takes place at the pole.