Question 1

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 3 FADH2. 
B)  1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
C)  3 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
D)  4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
E)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 4 FADH2. 
A)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 3 FADH2. 
B)  1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
C)  3 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
D)  4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 1 FADH2. 
E)  1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 4 FADH2. B

Question 2

In liver cells, each NADH produced via glycolysis results in two ATP molecules in the electron transport chain. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Why must the transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration take place in a series of steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  The energy of the protons can be used to make ATP. 
B)  The energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP. 
C)  The energy of the electrons can be used to make ADP. 
D)  It is chemically impossible to transfer electrons directly from glucose to oxygen. 
E)  The chemical intermediates donate some of their electrons in order to increase the electron pool. 
A)  The energy of the protons can be used to make ATP. 
B)  The energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP. 
C)  The energy of the electrons can be used to make ADP. 
D)  It is chemically impossible to transfer electrons directly from glucose to oxygen. 
E)  The chemical intermediates donate some of their electrons in order to increase the electron pool. B

Question 4

Although our muscle cells contain mitochondria and normally undergo aerobic respiration, during strenuous activity, lactate is formed, which contributes to cramps in our muscles. What is the evolutionary advantage of lactate production in our cells?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Although we are ca

Question 5

Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids:

Accepted Answer

A)  lack phosphate. 
B)  are deaminated. 
C)  contain more ATP. 
D)  are more highly reduced. 
E)  contain more ester linkages. 
A)  lack phosphate. 
B)  are deaminated. 
C)  contain more ATP. 
D)  are more highly reduced. 
E)  contain more ester linkages.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose only 
B)  glucose and lipids only 
C)  glucose and proteins only 
D)  glucose, lipids, and proteins only 
E)  glucose, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids 
A)  glucose only 
B)  glucose and lipids only 
C)  glucose and proteins only 
D)  glucose, lipids, and proteins only 
E)  glucose, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids

Question 7

Which reaction is the aerobic respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 12 H2 + energy 
B)  C4H12O4 + 2 H2O + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + ATP + energy 
C)  C4H12O4 + 12 O2 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + ATP + energy 
D)  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy 
E)  C4H12O2 + 6 O2 + ATP → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy 
A)  C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 12 H2 + energy 
B)  C4H12O4 + 2 H2O + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + ATP + energy 
C)  C4H12O4 + 12 O2 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + ATP + energy 
D)  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy 
E)  C4H12O2 + 6 O2 + ATP → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy

Question 8

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  cytosol 
C)  mitochondrial matrix 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  mitochondrial membrane 
A)  nucleus 
B)  cytosol 
C)  mitochondrial matrix 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  mitochondrial membrane

Question 9

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to ____ and then to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate; oxaloacetate 
B)  acetaldehyde; lactate 
C)  lactate; carbon dioxide 
D)  acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol 
E)  acetyl coenzyme A; citrate 
A)  citrate; oxaloacetate 
B)  acetaldehyde; lactate 
C)  lactate; carbon dioxide 
D)  acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol 
E)  acetyl coenzyme A; citrate

Question 10

During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are transferred to the electron transport chain. 
B)  are transferred to an organic molecule. 
C)  are transferred to O2. 
D)  are used to make CO2. 
E)  are used to form H2O. 
A)  are transferred to the electron transport chain. 
B)  are transferred to an organic molecule. 
C)  are transferred to O2. 
D)  are used to make CO2. 
E)  are used to form H2O.

Question 11

Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic pathways used by cells to extract energy from organic molecules. Include the mechanism of ATP formation, the final electron acceptor, and the end products in your comparison.

Accepted Answer

In both aerobic and anaerobic pathways,

Question 12

Phosphofructokinase is stimulated by high levels of ATP. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Aerobic respiration is regulated by the binding of ATP or AMP to what enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldolase 
B)  isomerase 
C)  hexokinase 
D)  phosphofructokinase 
E)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
A)  aldolase 
B)  isomerase 
C)  hexokinase 
D)  phosphofructokinase 
E)  pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 14

Which reactant of aerobic respiration is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  glucose 
D)  energy 
E)  carbon dioxide 
A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  glucose 
D)  energy 
E)  carbon dioxide

Question 15

Alcohol is the end product of fermentation by what type of organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  cow 
B)  algae 
C)  yeast 
D)  protist 
E)  bacteria 
A)  cow 
B)  algae 
C)  yeast 
D)  protist 
E)  bacteria

Question 16

What is the function of coenzyme Q?

Accepted Answer

A)  To reduce glucose 
B)  To oxidize glucose 
C)  To transfer electrons 
D)  To transfer phosphate to ATP 
E)  To provide energy in the citric acid cycle 
A)  To reduce glucose 
B)  To oxidize glucose 
C)  To transfer electrons 
D)  To transfer phosphate to ATP 
E)  To provide energy in the citric acid cycle

Question 17

What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure? ​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  fermentation 
B)  the first step in the citric acid cycle 
C)  the energy investing phase of glycolysis 
D)  part of the electron transport chain 
E)  the energy capture phase of glycolysis 
A)  fermentation 
B)  the first step in the citric acid cycle 
C)  the energy investing phase of glycolysis 
D)  part of the electron transport chain 
E)  the energy capture phase of glycolysis

Question 18

What is the role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  To form ATP 
B)  To produce CO2 
C)  To accept electrons directly from either NADH or FADH2 
D)  To accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
E)  To store high energy electrons to pass to complex I of the electron transport chain 
A)  To form ATP 
B)  To produce CO2 
C)  To accept electrons directly from either NADH or FADH2 
D)  To accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
E)  To store high energy electrons to pass to complex I of the electron transport chain

Question 19

What is chemiosmosis, and how is it used to synthesize ATP? Use the following terms in your explanation: inner mitochondria membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endergonic, exergonic, ADP, Pi, and NADH/FADH2.

Accepted Answer

In chemiosmosis, the exergonic flow of e

Question 20

If yeast cells are incubated under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate they produce is converted to lactate . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:

In liver cells, each NADH produced via glycolysis results in two ATP molecules in the electron transport chain. __________________

Why must the transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration take place in a series of steps?

Although our muscle cells contain mitochondria and normally undergo aerobic respiration, during strenuous activity, lactate is formed, which contributes to cramps in our muscles. What is the evolutionary advantage of lactate production in our cells?

Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids:

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

Which reaction is the aerobic respiration of glucose?

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in a eukaryotic cell?

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to ____ and then to ____.

During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:

Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic pathways used by cells to extract energy from organic molecules. Include the mechanism of ATP formation, the final electron acceptor, and the end products in your comparison.

Phosphofructokinase is stimulated by high levels of ATP. __________________

Aerobic respiration is regulated by the binding of ATP or AMP to what enzyme?

Which reactant of aerobic respiration is oxidized?

Alcohol is the end product of fermentation by what type of organism?

What is the function of coenzyme Q?

What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure? ​ ​

What is the role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration?

What is chemiosmosis, and how is it used to synthesize ATP? Use the following terms in your explanation: inner mitochondria membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endergonic, exergonic, ADP, Pi, and NADH/FADH2.

If yeast cells are incubated under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate they produce is converted to lactate . __________________

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to and then to .

What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure?

What is chemiosmosis, and how is it used to synthesize ATP? Use the following terms in your explanation: inner mitochondria membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endergonic, exergonic, ADP, P_i, and NADH/FADH₂.