Question 1

A food web is a more realistic depiction than a food chain because:

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms rarely eat just one kind of food. 
B)  energy flow is linear. 
C)  energy flow is cyclic. 
D)  a more complex model is always better than a simple one. 
E)  matter cycles in ecosystems. 
A)  organisms rarely eat just one kind of food. 
B)  energy flow is linear. 
C)  energy flow is cyclic. 
D)  a more complex model is always better than a simple one. 
E)  matter cycles in ecosystems. A

Question 2

Which process does not return carbon to the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  animal respiration 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  combustion 
D)  plant respiration 
E)  decomposition 
A)  animal respiration 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  combustion 
D)  plant respiration 
E)  decomposition B

Question 3

Figure 55-2   In the accompanying figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a more complex organism. 
B)  an older organism. 
C)  at the bottom of the food chain. 
D)  at the top of the food chain. 
E)  homoeothermic (warm-blooded). 
A)  a more complex organism. 
B)  an older organism. 
C)  at the bottom of the food chain. 
D)  at the top of the food chain. 
E)  homoeothermic (warm-blooded). D

Question 4

The major components of Earth's atmosphere, from the lowest concentration to the greatest concentration, are:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
B)  carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. 
C)  nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. 
D)  nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. 
E)  oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. 
A)  carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
B)  carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. 
C)  nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. 
D)  nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. 
E)  oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Question 5

A rain shadow occurs in the dry lands on the sides of mountains facing the prevailing winds. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What two abiotic factors are considered to most affect organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  fire and water 
B)  the atmosphere and fire 
C)  temperature and fire 
D)  temperature and water 
E)  climate and fire 
A)  fire and water 
B)  the atmosphere and fire 
C)  temperature and fire 
D)  temperature and water 
E)  climate and fire

Question 7

Four of the five statements listed below apply to the types of ecological pyramids. Which one is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A pyramid of numbers has the greatest number of organisms at the top. 
B)  A pyramid of energy shows that energy increases as one goes toward the apex of the pyramid. 
C)  A pyramid of biomass cannot be inverted. 
D)  The base of all ecological pyramids is equal in size to the top. 
E)  The pyramid of biomass show actual biomass reduction from one trophic level to the next. 
A)  A pyramid of numbers has the greatest number of organisms at the top. 
B)  A pyramid of energy shows that energy increases as one goes toward the apex of the pyramid. 
C)  A pyramid of biomass cannot be inverted. 
D)  The base of all ecological pyramids is equal in size to the top. 
E)  The pyramid of biomass show actual biomass reduction from one trophic level to the next.

Question 8

Diagram the hydrological cycle. Include the terms evaporation, transpiration, percolation, groundwater, runoff, condensation, and precipitation.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Starting with a cl

Question 9

The ultimate source of energy for the communities of the hydrothermal vents is provided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  hot seawater. 
B)  sinking detritus from the surface waters. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  chemoautotrophic prokaryotes. 
E)  radioactive rocks. 
A)  hot seawater. 
B)  sinking detritus from the surface waters. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  chemoautotrophic prokaryotes. 
E)  radioactive rocks.

Question 10

Approximately ____ percent of the sun's energy is reflected back into space.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40 
E)  50 
A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40 
E)  50

Question 11

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into:

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  nitrite. 
E)  nitrate. 
A)  amino acids. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  nitrite. 
E)  nitrate.

Question 12

Plant roots absorb nitrate or ammonia and incorporate these compounds into plant proteins via the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonification. 
B)  denitrification. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  nitrogen fixation. 
E)  nitrification. 
A)  ammonification. 
B)  denitrification. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  nitrogen fixation. 
E)  nitrification.

Question 13

Which biogeochemical cycle produces photochemical smog and why is it a hazard?

Accepted Answer

The nitrogen cycle is the origin of phot

Question 14

Since 1750, the main cause of increased carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline. 
B)  the burning of wood. 
C)  cattle production. 
D)  erosion. 
E)  decomposition. 
A)  the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline. 
B)  the burning of wood. 
C)  cattle production. 
D)  erosion. 
E)  decomposition.

Question 15

Solar radiation:

Accepted Answer

A)  powers the hydrologic and other biogeochemical cycles. 
B)  is essential for chemosynthesis. 
C)  is the product of a massive nuclear fission event. 
D)  is eventually released from fossil fuels. 
E)  is eventually released via decomposition. 
A)  powers the hydrologic and other biogeochemical cycles. 
B)  is essential for chemosynthesis. 
C)  is the product of a massive nuclear fission event. 
D)  is eventually released from fossil fuels. 
E)  is eventually released via decomposition.

Question 16

An herbivore occupies the third trophic level. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Drier climates tend to prevail:

Accepted Answer

A)  on the windward side of mountains. 
B)  in a rain shadow. 
C)  close to the coast of the continent. 
D)  in temperate regions. 
E)  only in the northern hemisphere. 
A)  on the windward side of mountains. 
B)  in a rain shadow. 
C)  close to the coast of the continent. 
D)  in temperate regions. 
E)  only in the northern hemisphere.

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: converts NS1U1B12S1U1B0 to NHS1U1B13S1U1B0
carried out by nitrifying bacteria
the process by which animals convert plant nitrogen compounds into animal nitrogen compounds
this process occurs in root nodules
Rhizobium carries out this process
converts nitrate to gaseous nitrogen
returns gaseous nitrogen to the atmosphere
the process by which roots incorporate nitrogen into proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll
the principle enzyme is nitrogenase
converts NHS1U1B13S1U1B0 to NOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0
this process occurs in heterocysts

Accepted Answer

The Answer of nitrogen fixation and denitrification and nitrification and is...

Question 19

Which statement best describes a typical food chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  An owl has a positive impact on the grass population. 
B)  An owl has a negative impact on the grass population. 
C)  A carnivore has a negative effect on primary producers. 
D)  Energy can flow back and forth between trophic levels. 
E)  Energy is never lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next. 
A)  An owl has a positive impact on the grass population. 
B)  An owl has a negative impact on the grass population. 
C)  A carnivore has a negative effect on primary producers. 
D)  Energy can flow back and forth between trophic levels. 
E)  Energy is never lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next.

Question 20

Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are derived from which biogeochemical cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hydrological cycle 
B)  The phosphorous cycle 
C)  The carbon cycle 
D)  The oxygen cycle 
E)  The nitrogen cycle 
A)  The hydrological cycle 
B)  The phosphorous cycle 
C)  The carbon cycle 
D)  The oxygen cycle 
E)  The nitrogen cycle

Exam 55: Ecosystems and the Biosphere

A food web is a more realistic depiction than a food chain because:

Which process does not return carbon to the atmosphere?

Figure 55-2 In the accompanying figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is:

The major components of Earth's atmosphere, from the lowest concentration to the greatest concentration, are:

A rain shadow occurs in the dry lands on the sides of mountains facing the prevailing winds. ____________________

What two abiotic factors are considered to most affect organisms?

Four of the five statements listed below apply to the types of ecological pyramids. Which one is FALSE?

Diagram the hydrological cycle. Include the terms evaporation, transpiration, percolation, groundwater, runoff, condensation, and precipitation.

The ultimate source of energy for the communities of the hydrothermal vents is provided by:

Approximately ____ percent of the sun's energy is reflected back into space.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into:

Plant roots absorb nitrate or ammonia and incorporate these compounds into plant proteins via the process of:

Which biogeochemical cycle produces photochemical smog and why is it a hazard?

Since 1750, the main cause of increased carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere is:

Solar radiation:

An herbivore occupies the third trophic level. ____________________

Drier climates tend to prevail:

Which statement best describes a typical food chain?

Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are derived from which biogeochemical cycle?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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