Question 1

Trace the path of a chef's salad with croutons down the digestive tract, and explain what takes place in each specialized region.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Mouth--mechanical digestion and chemical digestion of starch (croutons; Esophagus--peristalsis moves food into stomach; Stomach--mechanical churning of food and protein breakdown (ham, turkey, etc.; Small intestine--most chemical digestion takes place in duodenum (starch, protein, fat from cheeses, dressing, meats, and croutons, and absorption occurs in jejunum and ileum; Large intestine--absorption of water and sodium; wastes, including a large amount of fiber from the lettuce and other vegetables, pass through the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons before leaving through the rectum and anus.

Question 2

Undigested material flows from the ascending colon directly into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  transverse colon. 
B)  duodenum. 
C)  cecum. 
D)  rectum. 
E)  descending colon. 
A)  transverse colon. 
B)  duodenum. 
C)  cecum. 
D)  rectum. 
E)  descending colon. A

Question 3

Which statement about the large intestine is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is also called the colon. 
B)  It harbors beneficial bacteria. 
C)  It is involved with the absorption of sodium. 
D)  It is involved with the absorption of water. 
E)  It secretes digestive enzymes. 
A)  It is also called the colon. 
B)  It harbors beneficial bacteria. 
C)  It is involved with the absorption of sodium. 
D)  It is involved with the absorption of water. 
E)  It secretes digestive enzymes. E

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Digestion of a meal begins in the mouth. 
B)  Hydrolysis of proteins begins in the stomach. 
C)  Most hydrolysis of fats takes place in the stomach. 
D)  Absorption of amino acids takes place in the small intestine. 
E)  Absorption of water takes place in the large intestine. 
A)  Digestion of a meal begins in the mouth. 
B)  Hydrolysis of proteins begins in the stomach. 
C)  Most hydrolysis of fats takes place in the stomach. 
D)  Absorption of amino acids takes place in the small intestine. 
E)  Absorption of water takes place in the large intestine.

Question 5

How does fat enter the blood circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  across the lining of the mouth 
B)  through the hepatic portal system 
C)  across the stomach lining 
D)  through an epithelial cell 
E)  across the large intestine lining 
A)  across the lining of the mouth 
B)  through the hepatic portal system 
C)  across the stomach lining 
D)  through an epithelial cell 
E)  across the large intestine lining

Question 6

Outline what is currently known about the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Include the roles of basal and total metabolic rates, leptin, and neuropeptide Y in your response.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Leptin is produced

Question 7

You feel discomfort and possibly pain when the dentist drills a hole in your tooth because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  heat of the drilling process is felt by the gum tissue. 
B)  pulp cavity contains nerves. 
C)  tooth decay has invaded the pulp cavity. 
D)  dentist is applying too much pressure to the drill. 
E)  decay has affected the dentin. 
A)  heat of the drilling process is felt by the gum tissue. 
B)  pulp cavity contains nerves. 
C)  tooth decay has invaded the pulp cavity. 
D)  dentist is applying too much pressure to the drill. 
E)  decay has affected the dentin.

Question 8

Food leaving the pharynx moves next into the stomach .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A major function of bile is to emulsify fats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: impaired immune function
hemorrhaging
nerve damage; prevention of normal growth
beriberi; deficiency common in alcoholics
no known effect
osteoporosis in adults
muscle cramps
muscle weakness
anemia; neural tube defects
pellagra

Accepted Answer

The Answer of zinc and sulfur and phosphorus and vitamin is...

Question 11

Pepsin converts ____ to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  starch; sugars 
B)  proteins; peptides 
C)  fats; fatty acids and glycerol 
D)  nucleic acids; nucleotides 
E)  peptides; amino acids 
A)  starch; sugars 
B)  proteins; peptides 
C)  fats; fatty acids and glycerol 
D)  nucleic acids; nucleotides 
E)  peptides; amino acids

Question 12

Explain how the nervous system and hormones regulate the secretion of gastric juice.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Smelling or tastin

Question 13

Bile is produced in the gallbladder .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What mineral is responsible for more functions than any other mineral, including being a component of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  magnesium 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  sodium 
E)  iron 
A)  calcium 
B)  magnesium 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  sodium 
E)  iron

Question 15

The function of the rugae of the stomach is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete amylase. 
B)  crush the food. 
C)  increase the holding capacity of the stomach. 
D)  mix the food with gastric juices. 
E)  increase the surface area for secretion. 
A)  secrete amylase. 
B)  crush the food. 
C)  increase the holding capacity of the stomach. 
D)  mix the food with gastric juices. 
E)  increase the surface area for secretion.

Question 16

An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is vitamin K .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Figure 47-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. The root of the tooth is made up of the parts labeled:

Accepted Answer

A)  4 and 5 only 
B)  3, 4, and 5 only 
C)  1, 2, and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4 only 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
A)  4 and 5 only 
B)  3, 4, and 5 only 
C)  1, 2, and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4 only 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 18

Which of the following is produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

Accepted Answer

A)  HDLs 
B)  LDLs 
C)  trans fatty acids 
D)  omega-3 fatty acids 
E)  neuropeptide Y 
A)  HDLs 
B)  LDLs 
C)  trans fatty acids 
D)  omega-3 fatty acids 
E)  neuropeptide Y

Question 19

One of the principal functions of bile is:

Accepted Answer

A)  protecting the stomach lining. 
B)  enzymatically digesting proteins. 
C)  mechanically digesting proteins. 
D)  mechanically digesting fats. 
E)  enzymatically digesting starches. 
A)  protecting the stomach lining. 
B)  enzymatically digesting proteins. 
C)  mechanically digesting proteins. 
D)  mechanically digesting fats. 
E)  enzymatically digesting starches.

Question 20

Bacteria present in the digestive tracts of some herbivores function to:

Accepted Answer

A)  provide bulk to their feces. 
B)  produce minerals for their hosts. 
C)  detoxify harmful materials found in the food. 
D)  digest the animal waste products from the herbivore diet. 
E)  digest the cellulose cell wall of plant cells. 
A)  provide bulk to their feces. 
B)  produce minerals for their hosts. 
C)  detoxify harmful materials found in the food. 
D)  digest the animal waste products from the herbivore diet. 
E)  digest the cellulose cell wall of plant cells.

Exam 47: Processing Food and Nutrition

Trace the path of a chef's salad with croutons down the digestive tract, and explain what takes place in each specialized region.

Undigested material flows from the ascending colon directly into the:

Which statement about the large intestine is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

How does fat enter the blood circulation?

Outline what is currently known about the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Include the roles of basal and total metabolic rates, leptin, and neuropeptide Y in your response.

You feel discomfort and possibly pain when the dentist drills a hole in your tooth because the:

Food leaving the pharynx moves next into the stomach .

A major function of bile is to emulsify fats.

Pepsin converts ____ to ____.

Explain how the nervous system and hormones regulate the secretion of gastric juice.

Bile is produced in the gallbladder .

What mineral is responsible for more functions than any other mineral, including being a component of nucleic acids?

The function of the rugae of the stomach is to:

An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is vitamin K .

Figure 47-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The root of the tooth is made up of the parts labeled:

Which of the following is produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

One of the principal functions of bile is:

Bacteria present in the digestive tracts of some herbivores function to:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Pepsin converts to .