Question 1

Molecular evidence indicating less than 50% shared genes was the basis for:

Accepted Answer

A)  dividing the prokaryotes into two domains, Bacteria and Archaea. 
B)  separating the kingdom Protista from the kingdom Animalia. 
C)  including algae and slime molds in the kingdom Protista. 
D)  the separation of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 
E)  placing fungi in a separate kingdom. 
A)  dividing the prokaryotes into two domains, Bacteria and Archaea. 
B)  separating the kingdom Protista from the kingdom Animalia. 
C)  including algae and slime molds in the kingdom Protista. 
D)  the separation of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 
E)  placing fungi in a separate kingdom. A

Question 2

The similarity between the bodies of sharks and dolphins is an example of convergent evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Linnaeus simplified scientific classification by developing:

Accepted Answer

A)  clades. 
B)  kingdoms. 
C)  supergroups. 
D)  phylogenetic trees. 
E)  binomial system of nomenclature. 
A)  clades. 
B)  kingdoms. 
C)  supergroups. 
D)  phylogenetic trees. 
E)  binomial system of nomenclature. E

Question 4

In the late 1970s Woese argued that there are two fundamentally different groups of prokaryotes by demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A)  different DNA sequences in prokaryotes. 
B)  some prokaryotes carry on photosynthesis. 
C)  the difference in the appearance of the nuclei. 
D)  gene codes of ribosomal RNA of different bacteria. 
E)  some prokaryotes produce methane while others do not. 
A)  different DNA sequences in prokaryotes. 
B)  some prokaryotes carry on photosynthesis. 
C)  the difference in the appearance of the nuclei. 
D)  gene codes of ribosomal RNA of different bacteria. 
E)  some prokaryotes produce methane while others do not.

Question 5

Scientific names are typically derived from the root of which language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Latin 
B)  French 
C)  English 
D)  Italian 
E)  German 
A)  Latin 
B)  French 
C)  English 
D)  Italian 
E)  German

Question 6

After Kingdom, what is the next taxon by which organisms are grouped?

Accepted Answer

A)  class 
B)  order 
C)  genus 
D)  family 
E)  phylum 
A)  class 
B)  order 
C)  genus 
D)  family 
E)  phylum

Question 7

A(n) ____ character is a trait that has evolved relatively recently.

Accepted Answer

A)  derived 
B)  ancestral 
C)  cladistic 
D)  homologous 
E)  polyphyletic 
A)  derived 
B)  ancestral 
C)  cladistic 
D)  homologous 
E)  polyphyletic

Question 8

A new species of beetle is discovered. If you were a cladist, what steps might you take to classify this beetle? How might this approach be different if you were a pheneticist?

Accepted Answer

Cladists would classifies a new species

Question 9

Describe the significance and relationship of the genus and species taxa. If there were not humans on earth to classify organisms, would species still exist?

Accepted Answer

Species are nested in the broader taxon

Question 10

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  role reversal. 
B)  ancestral traits 
C)  homologous traits. 
D)  divergent evolution. 
E)  convergent evolution. 
A)  role reversal. 
B)  ancestral traits 
C)  homologous traits. 
D)  divergent evolution. 
E)  convergent evolution.

Question 11

What is the correct format for the scientific name of corn?

Accepted Answer

A)  zea Mays 
B)  Zea Mays 
C)  Zea mays 
D)  Zeamays 
E)  zea mays 
A)  zea Mays 
B)  Zea Mays 
C)  Zea mays 
D)  Zeamays 
E)  zea mays

Question 12

The vertebrae of today's cod fish is a _____ with the prehistoric bony fish who also possessed vertebrae.

Accepted Answer

A)  homoplastic character 
B)  monophyletic character 
C)  shared derived character 
D)  shared ancestral character 
E)  shared homologous character 
A)  homoplastic character 
B)  monophyletic character 
C)  shared derived character 
D)  shared ancestral character 
E)  shared homologous character

Question 13

Table 23-1   Based on the accompanying table, which of the following characteristics are used to establish the family level of classification for corn?

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial and photosynthetic 
B)  a grass with hollow stems 
C)  a flowering plant 
D)  1-seeded fruit 
E)  monocot 
A)  terrestrial and photosynthetic 
B)  a grass with hollow stems 
C)  a flowering plant 
D)  1-seeded fruit 
E)  monocot

Question 14

The term clade most closely refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a class. 
B)  the binomial system of classification. 
C)  a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  a subspecies of organisms does not include a subgenus. 
E)  a group of organisms that share common characteristics inherited from a common ancestor. 
A)  a class. 
B)  the binomial system of classification. 
C)  a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  a subspecies of organisms does not include a subgenus. 
E)  a group of organisms that share common characteristics inherited from a common ancestor.

Question 15

Which of the following taxa would be the least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  genus 
B)  family 
C)  phylum 
D)  order 
E)  class 
A)  genus 
B)  family 
C)  phylum 
D)  order 
E)  class

Question 16

Construct a table with the five kingdoms listed. Include several diagnostic features of each kingdom and an important ecological role of organisms found in each kingdom.

Accepted Answer

See table 23-2. 
Concepts to Consider: k

Question 17

Dolphins share synapomorphies with mammals. 
_____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Many of today's biologists have abandoned kingdom _____ since they have now discovered that many of these unicellular organisms did not descend from one common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungi 
B)  Plantae 
C)  Protista 
D)  Bacteria 
E)  Animalia 
A)  Fungi 
B)  Plantae 
C)  Protista 
D)  Bacteria 
E)  Animalia

Question 19

A study of the genomes of dogs from around the world indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dogs' closest relative is the gray wolf. 
B)  all dogs appeared to develop from a mixture of wolf and coyote. 
C)  some dogs evolved from the coyote and some from the wolf. 
D)  all dogs appeared to evolve from a mixture of the jackal and the wolf. 
E)  all dogs appeared to evolve from a mixture of the wolf, jackal, and the coyote. 
A)  the dogs' closest relative is the gray wolf. 
B)  all dogs appeared to develop from a mixture of wolf and coyote. 
C)  some dogs evolved from the coyote and some from the wolf. 
D)  all dogs appeared to evolve from a mixture of the jackal and the wolf. 
E)  all dogs appeared to evolve from a mixture of the wolf, jackal, and the coyote.

Question 20

Figure 23-2   The organism labeled B in the accompanying figure is a common ancestor to:

Accepted Answer

A)  organism 2 only. 
B)  organism 3 only. 
C)  organism 5 only. 
D)  organism 6 only. 
E)  organisms 2, 3, 5 and 6. 
A)  organism 2 only. 
B)  organism 3 only. 
C)  organism 5 only. 
D)  organism 6 only. 
E)  organisms 2, 3, 5 and 6.

Exam 23: Understanding Diversity Systematics

Molecular evidence indicating less than 50% shared genes was the basis for:

The similarity between the bodies of sharks and dolphins is an example of convergent evolution.

Linnaeus simplified scientific classification by developing:

In the late 1970s Woese argued that there are two fundamentally different groups of prokaryotes by demonstrating:

Scientific names are typically derived from the root of which language?

After Kingdom, what is the next taxon by which organisms are grouped?

A(n) ____ character is a trait that has evolved relatively recently.

A new species of beetle is discovered. If you were a cladist, what steps might you take to classify this beetle? How might this approach be different if you were a pheneticist?

Describe the significance and relationship of the genus and species taxa. If there were not humans on earth to classify organisms, would species still exist?

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate:

What is the correct format for the scientific name of corn?

The vertebrae of today's cod fish is a _____ with the prehistoric bony fish who also possessed vertebrae.

Table 23-1 Based on the accompanying table, which of the following characteristics are used to establish the family level of classification for corn?

The term clade most closely refers to:

Which of the following taxa would be the least inclusive?

Construct a table with the five kingdoms listed. Include several diagnostic features of each kingdom and an important ecological role of organisms found in each kingdom.

Dolphins share synapomorphies with mammals. _____________________

Many of today's biologists have abandoned kingdom _____ since they have now discovered that many of these unicellular organisms did not descend from one common ancestor.

A study of the genomes of dogs from around the world indicated that:

Figure 23-2 The organism labeled B in the accompanying figure is a common ancestor to:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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