Question 1

Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A)  hook 
B)  capsule 
C)  filament 
D)  basal body 
E)  protein rings 
A)  hook 
B)  capsule 
C)  filament 
D)  basal body 
E)  protein rings D

Question 2

Compare and contrast the metabolic diversity of bacteria in one of the two groups below. 
A. Obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, and aerobes 
B. Autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria

Accepted Answer

A. Obligate anaerobes cannot metabolize in the presence of oxygen. Facultative anaerobes metabolize in either the presence or absence of oxygen. Aerobes can metabolize only in the presence of oxygen. 
B. Autotrophic bacteria make their own organic compounds from inorganic sources, whereas heterotrophic bacteria cannot do this. Instead, heterotrophic bacteria must obtain their carbon compounds from the organic compounds produced by other organisms.

Question 3

Transformation, conjugation, and transduction are forms of vertical gene transfer for prokaryotes. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Figure 25-1   What is the function of the structure labeled as B in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide locomotion 
B)  To prevent phagocytosis 
C)  To carry genetic information 
D)  To transmit DNA between bacteria 
E)  To adhere to surfaces or other bacteria 
A)  To provide locomotion 
B)  To prevent phagocytosis 
C)  To carry genetic information 
D)  To transmit DNA between bacteria 
E)  To adhere to surfaces or other bacteria

Question 5

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ameboid motion. 
B)  their capsule or slime layer. 
C)  efficient use of their flagella. 
D)  changing their cell wall structure. 
E)  eliminating the use of a membrane. 
A)  ameboid motion. 
B)  their capsule or slime layer. 
C)  efficient use of their flagella. 
D)  changing their cell wall structure. 
E)  eliminating the use of a membrane.

Question 6

Bacterial chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source. 
____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Identify and briefly discuss two ecological roles filled by bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Some prokaryotes are decompose

Question 8

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  vibrio 
B)  bacilli 
C)  diplococci 
D)  spirochete 
E)  streptococci 
A)  vibrio 
B)  bacilli 
C)  diplococci 
D)  spirochete 
E)  streptococci

Question 9

Peptidoglycan consists of:

Accepted Answer

A)  lipids only 
B)  proteins only 
C)  polysaccharides 
D)  lipids crosslinked with sugars 
E)  sugars crosslinked with proteins 
A)  lipids only 
B)  proteins only 
C)  polysaccharides 
D)  lipids crosslinked with sugars 
E)  sugars crosslinked with proteins

Question 10

Cows and other ruminates rely on a ____ relationship with bacteria in their digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitic 
B)  mutualistic 
C)  commercialistic 
D)  commensalistic 
E)  chemosynthetic 
A)  parasitic 
B)  mutualistic 
C)  commercialistic 
D)  commensalistic 
E)  chemosynthetic

Question 11

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

Accepted Answer

A)  binary fission. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  mitosis. 
A)  binary fission. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  mitosis.

Question 12

The volume of a typical bacterium is about _____ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to 
B)  a half 
C)  a tenth 
D)  a hundredth 
E)  a thousandth 
A)  equal to 
B)  a half 
C)  a tenth 
D)  a hundredth 
E)  a thousandth

Question 13

Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  capsids. 
B)  fimbriae. 
C)  chromatids. 
D)  plasmids. 
E)  virons. 
A)  capsids. 
B)  fimbriae. 
C)  chromatids. 
D)  plasmids. 
E)  virons.

Question 14

In transduction , two prokaryotic cells of different mating types come together and genetic material is transferred from one cell to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of a nuclear envelope in archaea. 
B)  absence of the 70S ribosomes in bacteria. 
C)  presence of a single filament flagellum in bacteria. 
D)  absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea. 
E)  presence of fatty acids in the plasma membranes of archaea. 
A)  lack of a nuclear envelope in archaea. 
B)  absence of the 70S ribosomes in bacteria. 
C)  presence of a single filament flagellum in bacteria. 
D)  absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea. 
E)  presence of fatty acids in the plasma membranes of archaea.

Question 16

Which type of bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  obligate aerobic 
B)  obligate anaerobic 
C)  facultative aerobic 
D)  facultative anaerobic 
E)  facultative autotrophic 
A)  obligate aerobic 
B)  obligate anaerobic 
C)  facultative aerobic 
D)  facultative anaerobic 
E)  facultative autotrophic

Question 17

What is the nutritional mode of most bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophy 
B)  heterotrophy 
C)  chemoautotrophy 
D)  photoheterotrophy 
E)  chemoheterotrophy 
A)  autotrophy 
B)  heterotrophy 
C)  chemoautotrophy 
D)  photoheterotrophy 
E)  chemoheterotrophy

Question 18

Which is the only prokaryote to carry on photosynthesis that generates oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  clostridia 
B)  chlamydias 
C)  myobacteria 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  purple sulfur bacteria 
A)  clostridia 
B)  chlamydias 
C)  myobacteria 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  purple sulfur bacteria

Question 19

Figure 25-1   Which structure in the accompanying figure is labeled as C?

Accepted Answer

A)  capsule 
B)  cell wall 
C)  flagellum 
D)  a ribosome 
E)  plasma membrane 
A)  capsule 
B)  cell wall 
C)  flagellum 
D)  a ribosome 
E)  plasma membrane

Question 20

Botox is the marketed version of the botulism exotoxin, used to treat muscle spasms and for cosmetic purposes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Bacteria and Archaea

Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?

Compare and contrast the metabolic diversity of bacteria in one of the two groups below. A. Obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, and aerobes B. Autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria

Transformation, conjugation, and transduction are forms of vertical gene transfer for prokaryotes. ____________________

Figure 25-1 What is the function of the structure labeled as B in the accompanying figure?

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

Bacterial chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source. ____________

Identify and briefly discuss two ecological roles filled by bacteria.

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

Peptidoglycan consists of:

Cows and other ruminates rely on a ____ relationship with bacteria in their digestive tract.

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

The volume of a typical bacterium is about _____ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.

Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:

In transduction , two prokaryotic cells of different mating types come together and genetic material is transferred from one cell to another.

The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:

Which type of bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen?

What is the nutritional mode of most bacteria?

Which is the only prokaryote to carry on photosynthesis that generates oxygen?

Figure 25-1 Which structure in the accompanying figure is labeled as C?

Botox is the marketed version of the botulism exotoxin, used to treat muscle spasms and for cosmetic purposes.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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