Question 1

In diving mammals, more than _______% of dives are _______ than the ADL.

Accepted Answer

A)  90; shorter 
B)  75; shorter 
C)  75; longer 
D)  90; longer 
A)  90; shorter 
B)  75; shorter 
C)  75; longer 
D)  90; longer A

Question 2

Decompression sickness occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  in scuba divers who dive very deep. 
B)  when N2 is absorbed from a high-pressure source. 
C)  when N2 comes out of solution in the blood. 
D)  when N2 is absent in the plasma. 
A)  in scuba divers who dive very deep. 
B)  when N2 is absorbed from a high-pressure source. 
C)  when N2 comes out of solution in the blood. 
D)  when N2 is absent in the plasma. C

Question 3

Diving mammals avoid decompression sickness

Accepted Answer

A)  through increased solubility of N2 in blood plasma. 
B)  via alveolar collapse. 
C)  by binding excess N2 to hemoglobin. 
D)  by sequestering excess N2 in the spleen. 
A)  through increased solubility of N2 in blood plasma. 
B)  via alveolar collapse. 
C)  by binding excess N2 to hemoglobin. 
D)  by sequestering excess N2 in the spleen. B

Question 4

How was the original information on the diving reflex updated in studies performed after the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

When animals were forcibly submerged (a

Question 5

The amount of O2 stored in blood depends on the

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. 
B)  total volume of the blood. 
C)  circulatory rate. 
D)  oxygen-carrying capacity and the total volume of the blood. 
A)  oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. 
B)  total volume of the blood. 
C)  circulatory rate. 
D)  oxygen-carrying capacity and the total volume of the blood.

Question 6

A seal diving to a depth of 300 m would experience a water pressure of approximately _______ at that depth.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 atm 
B)  13 atm 
C)  30 atm 
D)  300 atm 
A)  3 atm 
B)  13 atm 
C)  30 atm 
D)  300 atm

Question 7

Following an extended dive, diving mammals require

Accepted Answer

A)  a significant amount of time to fully metabolize the lactic acid. 
B)  access to air at the water's surface and a significant amount of time to fully metabolize the lactic acid. 
C)  an immediate shallow dive to metabolize accumulated lactic acid. 
D)  access to land in order to metabolize accumulated lactic acid. 
A)  a significant amount of time to fully metabolize the lactic acid. 
B)  access to air at the water's surface and a significant amount of time to fully metabolize the lactic acid. 
C)  an immediate shallow dive to metabolize accumulated lactic acid. 
D)  access to land in order to metabolize accumulated lactic acid.

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood concentration of lactic acid rises following a dive. 
B)  During a dive, lactic acid in the muscles increases dramatically. 
C)  During a dive, lactic acid is metabolized and eventually reaches undetectable levels. 
D)  Blood lactic acid and muscle lactic acid concentrations are typically mismatched during and after dives. 
A)  Blood concentration of lactic acid rises following a dive. 
B)  During a dive, lactic acid in the muscles increases dramatically. 
C)  During a dive, lactic acid is metabolized and eventually reaches undetectable levels. 
D)  Blood lactic acid and muscle lactic acid concentrations are typically mismatched during and after dives.

Question 9

Metabolic limits on dive duration depend on which factor(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 supplies 
B)  O2 supplies and O2 consumption 
C)  O2 consumption and tissue tolerance to lactic acid 
D)  O2 supplies, O2 consumption, and tissue tolerance to lactic acid 
A)  O2 supplies 
B)  O2 supplies and O2 consumption 
C)  O2 consumption and tissue tolerance to lactic acid 
D)  O2 supplies, O2 consumption, and tissue tolerance to lactic acid

Question 10

The metabolic rate in freely diving free-ranging Weddell seals is _______ the metabolic rate of resting nondiving seals.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than 
B)  lower than 
C)  lower than or equal to 
D)  greater than or equal to 
A)  greater than 
B)  lower than 
C)  lower than or equal to 
D)  greater than or equal to

Question 11

Diving mammals cannot reduce their metabolic rates while underwater by

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing their tissue to cool. 
B)  postponing the digestion of food while diving. 
C)  developing a tolerance for lactic acid. 
D)  gliding instead of swimming continuously. 
A)  allowing their tissue to cool. 
B)  postponing the digestion of food while diving. 
C)  developing a tolerance for lactic acid. 
D)  gliding instead of swimming continuously.

Question 12

A large O2 store in the lungs is an advantage to a diver for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large amounts of air in the lungs affect buoyancy. 
B)  Alveoli are typically the first components of the respiratory system to collapse. 
C)  A large store of O2 also means a large store of N2. 
D)  In compression-resistant thoraxes, it increases shallow dive time. 
A)  Large amounts of air in the lungs affect buoyancy. 
B)  Alveoli are typically the first components of the respiratory system to collapse. 
C)  A large store of O2 also means a large store of N2. 
D)  In compression-resistant thoraxes, it increases shallow dive time.

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  The data in the figure represent _______ in fish removed from water.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventilation rates 
B)  heart rates 
C)  metabolic rates 
D)  oxygen consumption 
A)  ventilation rates 
B)  heart rates 
C)  metabolic rates 
D)  oxygen consumption

Question 14

The O2 partial pressure in the skeletal muscle must be _______ for the muscle's myoglobin to unload O2 to the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A)  high 
B)  low 
C)  constant 
D)  zero 
A)  high 
B)  low 
C)  constant 
D)  zero

Question 15

Which animal is typically the shallowest diver?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elephant seal 
B)  Cuvier's beaked whale 
C)  Weddell seal 
D)  Northern fur seal 
A)  Elephant seal 
B)  Cuvier's beaked whale 
C)  Weddell seal 
D)  Northern fur seal

Question 16

During a prolonged forced dive, vasoconstriction causes which cardiovascular parameter(s) to drop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart rate 
B)  Stroke volume 
C)  Cardiac output 
D)  Heart rate and cardiac output 
A)  Heart rate 
B)  Stroke volume 
C)  Cardiac output 
D)  Heart rate and cardiac output

Question 17

Refer to the figure shown.
  What would be the best label for the x-axis in the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Length of dive 
B)  Time after animal resurfaces 
C)  Duration of anaerobic tolerance 
D)  Time 
A)  Length of dive 
B)  Time after animal resurfaces 
C)  Duration of anaerobic tolerance 
D)  Time

Question 18

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood circulation to muscle was significantly increased during the dives. 
B)  Oxygen supplies for the brain and myocardium remained low during the dives. 
C)  Muscles switch to anaerobic metabolism at some point during the dives. 
D)  Circulating blood oxygen continued to be made available from oxygen in muscle. 
A)  Blood circulation to muscle was significantly increased during the dives. 
B)  Oxygen supplies for the brain and myocardium remained low during the dives. 
C)  Muscles switch to anaerobic metabolism at some point during the dives. 
D)  Circulating blood oxygen continued to be made available from oxygen in muscle.

Question 19

Which statement regarding the diving reflex is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is absent during a forced dive. 
B)  It represents an adjustment to the pattern of blood flow that allows the dive to be extended. 
C)  It exists in all diving mammals. 
D)  It is strongly present during a voluntary dive. 
A)  It is absent during a forced dive. 
B)  It represents an adjustment to the pattern of blood flow that allows the dive to be extended. 
C)  It exists in all diving mammals. 
D)  It is strongly present during a voluntary dive.

Question 20

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which statement is supported by the data in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  In freely diving seals, diving heart rate varies with dive duration in a graded manner. 
B)  In freely diving seals, the degree of bradycardia is proportional to dive duration. 
C)  In forcibly submerged seals, the degree of bradycardia is proportional to dive duration. 
D)  In forcibly submerged seals, the degree of bradycardia is inversely proportional to dive duration. 
A)  In freely diving seals, diving heart rate varies with dive duration in a graded manner. 
B)  In freely diving seals, the degree of bradycardia is proportional to dive duration. 
C)  In forcibly submerged seals, the degree of bradycardia is proportional to dive duration. 
D)  In forcibly submerged seals, the degree of bradycardia is inversely proportional to dive duration.

Exam 26: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

In diving mammals, more than _______% of dives are _______ than the ADL.

Decompression sickness occurs

Diving mammals avoid decompression sickness

How was the original information on the diving reflex updated in studies performed after the 1970s?

The amount of O2 stored in blood depends on the

A seal diving to a depth of 300 m would experience a water pressure of approximately _______ at that depth.

Following an extended dive, diving mammals require

Refer to the figure shown. Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is the most accurate?

Metabolic limits on dive duration depend on which factor(s)?

The metabolic rate in freely diving free-ranging Weddell seals is _______ the metabolic rate of resting nondiving seals.

Diving mammals cannot reduce their metabolic rates while underwater by

A large O2 store in the lungs is an advantage to a diver for which reason?

Refer to the figure shown. The data in the figure represent _______ in fish removed from water.

The O2 partial pressure in the skeletal muscle must be _______ for the muscle's myoglobin to unload O2 to the mitochondria.

Which animal is typically the shallowest diver?

During a prolonged forced dive, vasoconstriction causes which cardiovascular parameter(s) to drop?

Refer to the figure shown. What would be the best label for the x-axis in the graph?

Refer to the figure shown. Which statement regarding the data presented in the figure is true?

Which statement regarding the diving reflex is true?

Refer to the figure shown. Which statement is supported by the data in the figure?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

In diving mammals, more than _% of dives are _ than the ADL.

The amount of O₂ stored in blood depends on the

A large O₂ store in the lungs is an advantage to a diver for which reason?

The O₂ partial pressure in the skeletal muscle must be _______ for the muscle's myoglobin to unload O₂ to the mitochondria.