Question 1

Choose a salinity that isn't commonly measured in an estuary like Chesapeake Bay.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 g/kg 
B)  5 g/kg 
C)  15 g/kg 
D)  35 g/kg 
A)  3 g/kg 
B)  5 g/kg 
C)  15 g/kg 
D)  35 g/kg D

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  The shaded area on the graph represents the

Accepted Answer

A)  rate of enzyme catalysis. 
B)  normal enzyme substrate affinity. 
C)  normal range of osmolarity. 
D)  optimal metabolic rate. 
A)  rate of enzyme catalysis. 
B)  normal enzyme substrate affinity. 
C)  normal range of osmolarity. 
D)  optimal metabolic rate. B

Question 3

If the osmotic U/P ratio is less than 1, and the plasma osmolarity is not adjusted to match the interstitial fluid osmolarity, there is an increased tendency for water to move

Accepted Answer

A)  into cells, causing them to expand and eventually lyse. 
B)  out of cells, causing them to shrivel. 
C)  into cells, causing them to expand but not lyse since water will move out immediately. 
D)  out of cells, but the cells will not shrivel because water will move in immediately. 
A)  into cells, causing them to expand and eventually lyse. 
B)  out of cells, causing them to shrivel. 
C)  into cells, causing them to expand but not lyse since water will move out immediately. 
D)  out of cells, but the cells will not shrivel because water will move in immediately. B

Question 4

If you go to the movie theater and eat a large bag of salted popcorn, after few hours your plasma salt concentration will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  be at the normal level. 
D)  increase and then decrease. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  be at the normal level. 
D)  increase and then decrease.

Question 5

Refer to the figure shown.
  What does the dotted line represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  The isosmotic line 
B)  The line of regulation 
C)  Ambient osmotic pressure 
D)  The ideal osmotic pressure 
A)  The isosmotic line 
B)  The line of regulation 
C)  Ambient osmotic pressure 
D)  The ideal osmotic pressure

Question 6

Typically, if the blood osmolarity were 500 mOsm, then interstitial fluid osmolarity would be _______ mOsm.

Accepted Answer

A)  300 
B)  400 
C)  500 
D)  600 
A)  300 
B)  400 
C)  500 
D)  600

Question 7

Explain what the osmotic U/P ratio is and what is indicated by different values.

Accepted Answer

The osmotic U/P ratio is the osmotic pre

Question 8

Which animal has the lowest K value?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reindeer 
B)  Lizard 
C)  Mouse 
D)  Frog 
A)  Reindeer 
B)  Lizard 
C)  Mouse 
D)  Frog

Question 9

Which collection of solutes, when dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, exerts the highest osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mmol NaCl; 1mmol Mg2+ 
B)  2 mmol sucrose; 1 mmol Na+ 
C)  2 mmol glycine; 1 mmol taurine 
D)  2 mmol arginine; 1 mmol NaCl 
A)  1 mmol NaCl; 1mmol Mg2+ 
B)  2 mmol sucrose; 1 mmol Na+ 
C)  2 mmol glycine; 1 mmol taurine 
D)  2 mmol arginine; 1 mmol NaCl

Question 10

Seawater in the open ocean has a uniform salinity of _______ g/kg.

Accepted Answer

A)  32-48 
B)  30-32 
C)  32-34 
D)  34-46 
A)  32-48 
B)  30-32 
C)  32-34 
D)  34-46

Question 11

Refer to the formula shown.
The rate of evaporation, J, will increase if

Accepted Answer

A)  WVPs increases and WVPa decreases. 
B)  WVPs decreases and WVPa increases. 
C)  WVPs remains the same and WVPa increases. 
D)  WVPs decreases and WVPa remains the same. 
A)  WVPs increases and WVPa decreases. 
B)  WVPs decreases and WVPa increases. 
C)  WVPs remains the same and WVPa increases. 
D)  WVPs decreases and WVPa remains the same.

Question 12

The mix of freshwater with ocean water along coastlines is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  freshwater mixing. 
B)  saltwater mixing. 
C)  brackish water. 
D)  pond water. 
A)  freshwater mixing. 
B)  saltwater mixing. 
C)  brackish water. 
D)  pond water.

Question 13

If you go to the movie theater and eat a large bag of popcorn with salt, after few minutes, your plasma salt concentration will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  be at the normal level. 
D)  increase and then decrease. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  be at the normal level. 
D)  increase and then decrease.

Question 14

At which temperature will an animal whose body surface temperature is 32°C have the highest rate of condensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  28°C 
B)  30°C 
C)  31°C 
D)  35°C 
A)  28°C 
B)  30°C 
C)  31°C 
D)  35°C

Question 15

Why do animals rarely gain water by condensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The animal's temperature is usually too cold. 
B)  The environmental humidity is almost never high enough. 
C)  The animal's temperature is usually too warm. 
D)  The environmental temperature is usually too high. 
A)  The animal's temperature is usually too cold. 
B)  The environmental humidity is almost never high enough. 
C)  The animal's temperature is usually too warm. 
D)  The environmental temperature is usually too high.

Question 16

Refer to the figure shown.
  Based on the data shown, which animal can survive the widest range of salinity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green crab 
B)  Mussel 
C)  Shrimp 
D)  Green crab and shrimp 
A)  Green crab 
B)  Mussel 
C)  Shrimp 
D)  Green crab and shrimp

Question 17

Assuming humidity is the only factor that affects evaporation, which animal will have the highest rate of evaporation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mammal in a hot desert where humidity is very low 
B)  A mammal in a cold desert where humidity is very low 
C)  A lizard in a hot desert where humidity is very high 
D)  A lizard in a cold desert where humidity is very high 
A)  A mammal in a hot desert where humidity is very low 
B)  A mammal in a cold desert where humidity is very low 
C)  A lizard in a hot desert where humidity is very high 
D)  A lizard in a cold desert where humidity is very high

Question 18

Explain how the kidneys in teleosts participate in ionic regulation but not osmotic regulation.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys can play a role in ionic reg

Question 19

The purpose of taking excess water into the body during the process of molting is to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide structural rigidity. 
B)  increase the osmotic pressure. 
C)  expand the body to make a larger exoskeleton. 
D)  provide structural rigidity and expand the body to make a larger exoskeleton. 
A)  provide structural rigidity. 
B)  increase the osmotic pressure. 
C)  expand the body to make a larger exoskeleton. 
D)  provide structural rigidity and expand the body to make a larger exoskeleton.

Question 20

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which animal is a conformer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green crab 
B)  Mussel 
C)  Shrimp 
D)  Green crab and mussel 
A)  Green crab 
B)  Mussel 
C)  Shrimp 
D)  Green crab and mussel

Exam 27: Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Choose a salinity that isn't commonly measured in an estuary like Chesapeake Bay.

Refer to the figure shown. The shaded area on the graph represents the

If the osmotic U/P ratio is less than 1, and the plasma osmolarity is not adjusted to match the interstitial fluid osmolarity, there is an increased tendency for water to move

If you go to the movie theater and eat a large bag of salted popcorn, after few hours your plasma salt concentration will

Refer to the figure shown. What does the dotted line represent?

Typically, if the blood osmolarity were 500 mOsm, then interstitial fluid osmolarity would be _______ mOsm.

Explain what the osmotic U/P ratio is and what is indicated by different values.

Which animal has the lowest K value?

Which collection of solutes, when dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, exerts the highest osmotic pressure?

Seawater in the open ocean has a uniform salinity of _______ g/kg.

Refer to the formula shown. The rate of evaporation, J, will increase if

The mix of freshwater with ocean water along coastlines is termed

If you go to the movie theater and eat a large bag of popcorn with salt, after few minutes, your plasma salt concentration will

At which temperature will an animal whose body surface temperature is 32°C have the highest rate of condensation?

Why do animals rarely gain water by condensation?

Refer to the figure shown. Based on the data shown, which animal can survive the widest range of salinity?

Assuming humidity is the only factor that affects evaporation, which animal will have the highest rate of evaporation?

Explain how the kidneys in teleosts participate in ionic regulation but not osmotic regulation.

The purpose of taking excess water into the body during the process of molting is to

Refer to the figure shown. Which animal is a conformer?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

At which temperature will an animal whose body surface temperature is 32^°C have the highest rate of condensation?