Question 1

The ability of an animal (with a fixed genotype) to express two or more genetically controlled phenotypes is called

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotypic plasticity. 
B)  epigenetics. 
C)  genotypic plasticity. 
D)  genomic imprinting. 
A)  phenotypic plasticity. 
B)  epigenetics. 
C)  genotypic plasticity. 
D)  genomic imprinting. A

Question 2

Indigo buntings are able to determine which direction is north during for their first migration

Accepted Answer

A)  because of innate knowledge. 
B)  by following their parents. 
C)  by using the sun as a compass. 
D)  by observing star movements. 
A)  because of innate knowledge. 
B)  by following their parents. 
C)  by using the sun as a compass. 
D)  by observing star movements. D

Question 3

How do early larval killifish osmoregulate if they do not have gills?

Accepted Answer

While it is true that fish use their gills to osmoregulate, many of the same ion exchangers that are found on the gill membrane are also found on other membranes during development. For example, in the killifish, chloride cells are found on the yolk sac membrane and skin, well before the gills have begun to develop. As the gills develop, the chloride cells become more concentrated on the gills and less concentrated on the skin.

Question 4

Which statement regarding developing hooded seals is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased body size accounts for the majority of the increase in oxygen storage. 
B)  Oxygen storage is twice as great per unit body weight in an adult compared to a weanling. 
C)  The concentration of hemoglobin increases during development. 
D)  In the course of development muscles more than triple their myoglobin concentration. 
A)  Increased body size accounts for the majority of the increase in oxygen storage. 
B)  Oxygen storage is twice as great per unit body weight in an adult compared to a weanling. 
C)  The concentration of hemoglobin increases during development. 
D)  In the course of development muscles more than triple their myoglobin concentration.

Question 5

Refer to the figure shown.
  The data in the figure demonstrate the phenomenon of

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotypic plasticity. 
B)  genotype by environment interaction. 
C)  epigenetics. 
D)  genomic imprinting. 
A)  phenotypic plasticity. 
B)  genotype by environment interaction. 
C)  epigenetics. 
D)  genomic imprinting.

Question 6

Which source is the most significant oxygen store during a mammalian dive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lung air 
B)  Blood plasma 
C)  Hemoglobin 
D)  Myoglobin in skeletal muscle 
A)  Lung air 
B)  Blood plasma 
C)  Hemoglobin 
D)  Myoglobin in skeletal muscle

Question 7

Refer to the figure shown.
  Children born during the Dutch Hunger Winter had _______ compared to their siblings.

Accepted Answer

A)  comparatively more DNA methylation 
B)  comparatively less DNA methylation 
C)  comparatively more DNA expression 
D)  comparatively less DNA expression 
A)  comparatively more DNA methylation 
B)  comparatively less DNA methylation 
C)  comparatively more DNA expression 
D)  comparatively less DNA expression

Question 8

Blue mussels _______ in response to the presence of crabs.

Accepted Answer

A)  grow defensive spines 
B)  grow a thicker shell during development 
C)  close up and move 
D)  increase their shell thickness 
A)  grow defensive spines 
B)  grow a thicker shell during development 
C)  close up and move 
D)  increase their shell thickness

Question 9

Seasonal polyphenism in the western white butterfly aids in

Accepted Answer

A)  mate attraction. 
B)  predator avoidance. 
C)  thermoregulation. 
D)  seasonal camouflage. 
A)  mate attraction. 
B)  predator avoidance. 
C)  thermoregulation. 
D)  seasonal camouflage.

Question 10

In the killifish, the _______ are responsible for removing chloride from the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  yolk sac cells 
B)  gills 
C)  chloride cells 
D)  skin cells 
A)  yolk sac cells 
B)  gills 
C)  chloride cells 
D)  skin cells

Question 11

Explain why 5-year-old children may be particularly vulnerable to significant developmental damage cause by food insufficiency.

Accepted Answer

The human brain is unique among mammals

Question 12

Refer to the graphs shown.
  What contributes most significantly to the data shown in figure II?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in brown fat 
B)  An increase in the adipose layer under the skin 
C)  An increase in the thickness of the epidermis 
D)  The development of fur 
A)  An increase in brown fat 
B)  An increase in the adipose layer under the skin 
C)  An increase in the thickness of the epidermis 
D)  The development of fur

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  In the figure, one of the lines tracks the height in a population of medieval children. These measurements were derived

Accepted Answer

A)  from historical records. 
B)  from comparative morphology of skull sizes. 
C)  by assembling skeletons and measuring height. 
D)  from calculations of long bone lengths. 
A)  from historical records. 
B)  from comparative morphology of skull sizes. 
C)  by assembling skeletons and measuring height. 
D)  from calculations of long bone lengths.

Question 14

Explain two major mechanisms of epigenetic marking.

Accepted Answer

Two major mechanisms of epigenetic marki

Question 15

The physiological regulation of body temperature is called

Accepted Answer

A)  endothermy. 
B)  homeothermy. 
C)  ectothermy. 
D)  poikilothermy. 
A)  endothermy. 
B)  homeothermy. 
C)  ectothermy. 
D)  poikilothermy.

Question 16

What is the likely adaptive advantage in the periwinkle snail's growing of a thicker shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protection against intermittent harsh environments 
B)  More effective mate attraction 
C)  Better burrowing capabilities 
D)  Better protection against predation 
A)  Protection against intermittent harsh environments 
B)  More effective mate attraction 
C)  Better burrowing capabilities 
D)  Better protection against predation

Question 17

In an 8-day-old killifish, the major site of osmoregulation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  gills. 
B)  egg membrane. 
C)  skin. 
D)  yolk sac membrane. 
A)  gills. 
B)  egg membrane. 
C)  skin. 
D)  yolk sac membrane.

Question 18

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the figure, which human organ(s) develop(s) the quickest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain 
B)  Digestive organs 
C)  Heart 
D)  Reproductive organs 
A)  Brain 
B)  Digestive organs 
C)  Heart 
D)  Reproductive organs

Question 19

The functions and processes occurring at all of the successive stages of individual ontogeny, as well as their mechanisms, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental plasticity. 
B)  phenotypic plasticity. 
C)  developmental physiology. 
D)  epigenetics. 
A)  developmental plasticity. 
B)  phenotypic plasticity. 
C)  developmental physiology. 
D)  epigenetics.

Question 20

Modifications of gene expression (with no change in DNA sequence) that are transmitted when genes replicate are called

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetic changes. 
B)  phenotypic plasticity. 
C)  genetic imprinting. 
D)  polyphonic development. 
A)  epigenetic changes. 
B)  phenotypic plasticity. 
C)  genetic imprinting. 
D)  polyphonic development.

Exam 4: Physiological Development and Epigenetics

The ability of an animal (with a fixed genotype) to express two or more genetically controlled phenotypes is called

Indigo buntings are able to determine which direction is north during for their first migration

How do early larval killifish osmoregulate if they do not have gills?

Which statement regarding developing hooded seals is false?

Refer to the figure shown. The data in the figure demonstrate the phenomenon of

Which source is the most significant oxygen store during a mammalian dive?

Refer to the figure shown. Children born during the Dutch Hunger Winter had _______ compared to their siblings.

Blue mussels _______ in response to the presence of crabs.

Seasonal polyphenism in the western white butterfly aids in

In the killifish, the _______ are responsible for removing chloride from the body.

Explain why 5-year-old children may be particularly vulnerable to significant developmental damage cause by food insufficiency.

Refer to the graphs shown. What contributes most significantly to the data shown in figure II?

Refer to the figure shown. In the figure, one of the lines tracks the height in a population of medieval children. These measurements were derived

Explain two major mechanisms of epigenetic marking.

The physiological regulation of body temperature is called

What is the likely adaptive advantage in the periwinkle snail's growing of a thicker shell?

In an 8-day-old killifish, the major site of osmoregulation is the

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, which human organ(s) develop(s) the quickest?

The functions and processes occurring at all of the successive stages of individual ontogeny, as well as their mechanisms, are called

Modifications of gene expression (with no change in DNA sequence) that are transmitted when genes replicate are called

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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