If the ratio of NAD to NADH2 in a cell is 1 (NAD/NADH2 = 1), the cell is in

A) an oxidative state. B) a reduced state. C) redox balance. D) oxygen deficiency. A) an oxidative state. B) a reduced state. C) redox balance. D) oxygen deficiency.

Exam 8: Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

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Explain what the fate of pyruvate would be under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions in a vertebrate muscle cell. Include the name(s) of the enzyme(s) used.

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Question 1

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Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate undergoes pyruvate oxidation and is converted to acetyl-coA with the help of coenzyme A. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate undergoes fermentation and is converted to lactate (or lactic acid) with the help of lactate dehydrogenase.

Which molecule is abundant in skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates?

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Question 2

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If 43 protons pass through the ATP synthase, _______ ATP are produced.

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During a short intense bout of heavy weight lifting in a human, what is the source of the initial supply of ATP?

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Question 4

In the term "fast glycolytic" used to describe muscle fibers, "fast" refers to

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Question 5

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, which term best describes the y axis?

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Question 6

Explain why reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be harmful to cells.

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Question 7

The substrate _______ is required for glycolysis to begin.

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Question 8

Which statement regarding lactic acid is true?

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Question 9

Glucose undergoes 10 chemical reactions during glycolysis to become pyruvate. Name the reactants, enzymes, and products of two ATP-producing reactions in glycolysis.

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Question 10

The specific role of oxygen in the cell is to

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Question 11

The substrate needed to initiate the Krebs cycle is

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Question 12

If the ratio of NAD to NADH₂ in a cell is 1 (NAD/NADH₂ = 1), the cell is in

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Question 13

If a P/O ratio is 1.9, oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport are said to be

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Question 14

What occurs during anaerobiosis in invertebrates?

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Question 15

Refer to the figure shown. Which graph(s) represent(s) "heavy submaximal exercise"?

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Question 16

Which of the following would you expect to see in abundance in the muscles of a sprinter?

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Question 17

Explain, on the molecular level, why muscles can generate ATP under anaerobic conditions, but neurons cannot.

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Question 18

Aerobic substrate-level phosphorylation produces a total of _______ ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

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Question 19

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces GTP?

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Question 20

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Exam 8: Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

Explain what the fate of pyruvate would be under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions in a vertebrate muscle cell. Include the name(s) of the enzyme(s) used.

Which molecule is abundant in skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates?

If 43 protons pass through the ATP synthase, _______ ATP are produced.

During a short intense bout of heavy weight lifting in a human, what is the source of the initial supply of ATP?

In the term "fast glycolytic" used to describe muscle fibers, "fast" refers to

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, which term best describes the y axis?

Explain why reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be harmful to cells.

The substrate _______ is required for glycolysis to begin.

Which statement regarding lactic acid is true?

Glucose undergoes 10 chemical reactions during glycolysis to become pyruvate. Name the reactants, enzymes, and products of two ATP-producing reactions in glycolysis.

The specific role of oxygen in the cell is to

The substrate needed to initiate the Krebs cycle is

If the ratio of NAD to NADH2 in a cell is 1 (NAD/NADH2 = 1), the cell is in

If a P/O ratio is 1.9, oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport are said to be

What occurs during anaerobiosis in invertebrates?

Refer to the figure shown. Which graph(s) represent(s) "heavy submaximal exercise"?

Which of the following would you expect to see in abundance in the muscles of a sprinter?

Explain, on the molecular level, why muscles can generate ATP under anaerobic conditions, but neurons cannot.

Aerobic substrate-level phosphorylation produces a total of _______ ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Which chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle produces GTP?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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If the ratio of NAD to NADH₂ in a cell is 1 (NAD/NADH₂ = 1), the cell is in