Question 1

Once acetylcholine is released into the synapse it

Accepted Answer

A)  is actively pumped back into the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  crosses the postsynaptic membrane and then is broken down inside that cell. 
C)  is inactivated by calcium. 
D)  is broken down by acetylcholinesterase. 
A)  is actively pumped back into the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  crosses the postsynaptic membrane and then is broken down inside that cell. 
C)  is inactivated by calcium. 
D)  is broken down by acetylcholinesterase. D

Question 2

Fast IPSPs result mainly from a(n) _______ in permeability to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; Na+ 
B)  increase; Cl- 
C)  increase; K+ 
D)  increase; Na+ 
A)  decrease; Na+ 
B)  increase; Cl- 
C)  increase; K+ 
D)  increase; Na+ B

Question 3

In an electrical synapse, the main structure responsible for transmission of an impulse from one cell to the next is

Accepted Answer

A)  any generic activating neurotransmitter. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  the gap junction. 
D)  the cell membrane. 
A)  any generic activating neurotransmitter. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  the gap junction. 
D)  the cell membrane. C

Question 4

Which statement regarding postsynaptic potentials is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a neuromuscular synapse, the main neurotransmitter is glutamate. 
B)  In a CNS neural synapse, serotonin produces an IPSP. 
C)  In a CNS neural synapse, K+ is the main ion producing the EPSP. 
D)  In a neuromuscular synapse, Na+ is the main ion producing the EPSP. 
A)  In a neuromuscular synapse, the main neurotransmitter is glutamate. 
B)  In a CNS neural synapse, serotonin produces an IPSP. 
C)  In a CNS neural synapse, K+ is the main ion producing the EPSP. 
D)  In a neuromuscular synapse, Na+ is the main ion producing the EPSP.

Question 5

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a chemical synapse (as compared to an electrical synapse)?

Accepted Answer

A)  amplifies the synaptic response 
B)  can be either excitatory or inhibitory 
C)  relatively slow 
D)  much more modifiable 
A)  amplifies the synaptic response 
B)  can be either excitatory or inhibitory 
C)  relatively slow 
D)  much more modifiable

Question 6

Which of the following would not be considered synaptic plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Altering the amount of calcium entering the cell at the presynaptic terminus 
B)  Increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released from an action potential 
C)  Increasing the number of receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 
D)  Reducing voltage gated Na+ channels on the neuron 
A)  Altering the amount of calcium entering the cell at the presynaptic terminus 
B)  Increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released from an action potential 
C)  Increasing the number of receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 
D)  Reducing voltage gated Na+ channels on the neuron

Question 7

How do most second messengers go on to affect the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Most second messengers activat

Question 8

Which statement regarding the mechanism of vesicular docking and release is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Targeted vesicles move to active zones where they attach reversibly. 
B)  Docking is mediated by the formation of a SNARE complex. 
C)  The v-SNAREs and t-SNARES interact to hold the vesicle at the release site. 
D)  Fusion is triggered by the binding of Ca2+ to syntaxin. 
A)  Targeted vesicles move to active zones where they attach reversibly. 
B)  Docking is mediated by the formation of a SNARE complex. 
C)  The v-SNAREs and t-SNARES interact to hold the vesicle at the release site. 
D)  Fusion is triggered by the binding of Ca2+ to syntaxin.

Question 9

How does the acetylcholine receptor respond to prolonged exposure to acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The receptor will flicker, and the rate of flickering will increase. 
B)  Acetylcholine will no longer be able to bind to the receptor. 
C)  Acetylcholine will remain bound to the receptor, and the channel will remain open indefinitely. 
D)  Acetylcholine will remain bound to the receptor, but the channel will close. 
A)  The receptor will flicker, and the rate of flickering will increase. 
B)  Acetylcholine will no longer be able to bind to the receptor. 
C)  Acetylcholine will remain bound to the receptor, and the channel will remain open indefinitely. 
D)  Acetylcholine will remain bound to the receptor, but the channel will close.

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  The primary site of behavioral plasticity is at the _______ synapse.

Accepted Answer

A)  head-to-motor neuron 
B)  sensory-to-motor neuron 
C)  skin-to-sensory neuron 
D)  motor neuron-to-gill 
A)  head-to-motor neuron 
B)  sensory-to-motor neuron 
C)  skin-to-sensory neuron 
D)  motor neuron-to-gill

Question 11

Which second messenger acts directly to mediate the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diacylglycerol (DAG) 
B)  Inositol triphosphate (IP3) 
C)  Calmodulin 
D)  Phospholipase C 
A)  Diacylglycerol (DAG) 
B)  Inositol triphosphate (IP3) 
C)  Calmodulin 
D)  Phospholipase C

Question 12

If Na+ and K+ move in opposite directions through the acetylcholine receptor (which has similar permeability to both ions) when it is bound to acetylcholine, why is there an overall depolarization instead of no change in the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Although the acetylcholine channel has s

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  What technique is being used to collect the data presented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage clamp 
B)  Ion flux 
C)  Stimulation 
D)  Patch clamp 
A)  Voltage clamp 
B)  Ion flux 
C)  Stimulation 
D)  Patch clamp

Question 14

Antidepressants, such as Prozac, work by

Accepted Answer

A)  upregulating the production of serotonin. 
B)  stimulating serotonin receptors. 
C)  inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin. 
D)  increasing the number of serotonin receptors. 
A)  upregulating the production of serotonin. 
B)  stimulating serotonin receptors. 
C)  inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin. 
D)  increasing the number of serotonin receptors.

Question 15

Compare and contrast electrical synapses with chemical synapses, including advantages and disadvantages for each.

Accepted Answer

Both electrical and chemical synapses ca

Question 16

Which statement best describes long-term potentiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased synaptic response occurs with increased numbers of AMPA receptors. 
B)  Increased synaptic response occurs with increased numbers of NMDA receptors. 
C)  A massive amount of glutamate releases Mg2+ from the NMDA receptor. 
D)  A massive amount of glutamate releases Mg2+ from the AMPA receptor. 
A)  Increased synaptic response occurs with increased numbers of AMPA receptors. 
B)  Increased synaptic response occurs with increased numbers of NMDA receptors. 
C)  A massive amount of glutamate releases Mg2+ from the NMDA receptor. 
D)  A massive amount of glutamate releases Mg2+ from the AMPA receptor.

Question 17

Which statement best reflects the evolutionary history of the ligand-gated channel?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sequence homology of the ligand-gated receptors is similar to that of voltage-gated receptors. 
B)  Ligand-gated channels have had a minimum of three independent appearances in evolutionary history. 
C)  Ligand-gated channels in the neuromuscular junction are evolutionarily distinct from ligand-gated channels in the brain. 
D)  Most kinds of ligand-gated channels appear to have evolved from a common ancestor. 
A)  The sequence homology of the ligand-gated receptors is similar to that of voltage-gated receptors. 
B)  Ligand-gated channels have had a minimum of three independent appearances in evolutionary history. 
C)  Ligand-gated channels in the neuromuscular junction are evolutionarily distinct from ligand-gated channels in the brain. 
D)  Most kinds of ligand-gated channels appear to have evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter elicits responses of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Glutamate 
D)  Both acetylcholine and glutamate 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Glutamate 
D)  Both acetylcholine and glutamate

Question 19

The ability to change the functional property of the synapse is the key to

Accepted Answer

A)  the neuron. 
B)  the receptor-transmitter complex. 
C)  learning and memory. 
D)  the axonal membrane. 
A)  the neuron. 
B)  the receptor-transmitter complex. 
C)  learning and memory. 
D)  the axonal membrane.

Question 20

During an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, the postsynaptic membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in permeability to K+. 
B)  increases in permeability to Na+. 
C)  decreases in permeability to Cl-. 
D)  increases in permeability to Ca2+. 
A)  increases in permeability to K+. 
B)  increases in permeability to Na+. 
C)  decreases in permeability to Cl-. 
D)  increases in permeability to Ca2+.

Exam 13: Synapses

Once acetylcholine is released into the synapse it

Fast IPSPs result mainly from a(n) _______ in permeability to _______.

In an electrical synapse, the main structure responsible for transmission of an impulse from one cell to the next is

Which statement regarding postsynaptic potentials is true?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a chemical synapse (as compared to an electrical synapse)?

Which of the following would not be considered synaptic plasticity?

How do most second messengers go on to affect the membrane potential?

Which statement regarding the mechanism of vesicular docking and release is false?

How does the acetylcholine receptor respond to prolonged exposure to acetylcholine?

Refer to the figure shown. The primary site of behavioral plasticity is at the _______ synapse.

Which second messenger acts directly to mediate the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum?

If Na+ and K+ move in opposite directions through the acetylcholine receptor (which has similar permeability to both ions) when it is bound to acetylcholine, why is there an overall depolarization instead of no change in the membrane potential?

Refer to the figure shown. What technique is being used to collect the data presented?

Antidepressants, such as Prozac, work by

Compare and contrast electrical synapses with chemical synapses, including advantages and disadvantages for each.

Which statement best describes long-term potentiation?

Which statement best reflects the evolutionary history of the ligand-gated channel?

Which neurotransmitter elicits responses of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

The ability to change the functional property of the synapse is the key to

During an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, the postsynaptic membrane

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Fast IPSPs result mainly from a(n) _ in permeability to _.

Which second messenger acts directly to mediate the release of Ca²⁺ from the endoplasmic reticulum?

If Na⁺ and K⁺ move in opposite directions through the acetylcholine receptor (which has similar permeability to both ions) when it is bound to acetylcholine, why is there an overall depolarization instead of no change in the membrane potential?