Question 1

How does diffusion work in allowing a water beetle to use an air bubble as a gill? Why does the bubble not collapse?

Accepted Answer

If a water beetle grabs a fresh bubble from the atmosphere, it will use the oxygen in the bubble during its natural respiratory processes. As the partial pressure of O₂ in the bubble drops, it will eventually drop below that of the surrounding water. Once this occurs, the oxygen in the water will diffuse into the air bubble, allowing it to act like a gill. The bubble does not collapse because oxygen diffuses into it and because the principal gas in the bubble, N₂, tends to remain.

Question 2

Which of the following contributes to a respiratory gas partial pressure in solution?
I. O2
II. CO2
III. O2 bound to hemoglobin
IV. HCO3- dissolved in plasma

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I, II, and IV 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  I and II 
B)  I, II, and III 
C)  I, II, and IV 
D)  I, II, III, and IV A

Question 3

Which statement regarding the diffusion of gases is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Within gas mixtures, gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure. 
B)  Within aqueous solutions, gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure. 
C)  Across gas‒water interfaces, gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure. 
D)  Depending on the circumstance, gases can diffuse from low to high partial pressure. 
A)  Within gas mixtures, gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure. 
B)  Within aqueous solutions, gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure. 
C)  Across gas‒water interfaces, gases diffuse in net fashion from areas of relatively high partial pressure to areas of relatively low partial pressure. 
D)  Depending on the circumstance, gases can diffuse from low to high partial pressure. D

Question 4

Which statement about gases dissolved in aqueous solutions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different gases have different solubilities. 
B)  Gas solubilities increase strongly with increasing temperature. 
C)  Gas solubilities increase with increasing salinity. 
D)  Gas solubility decreases with increasing molecular size. 
A)  Different gases have different solubilities. 
B)  Gas solubilities increase strongly with increasing temperature. 
C)  Gas solubilities increase with increasing salinity. 
D)  Gas solubility decreases with increasing molecular size.

Question 5

Gas transport in animals often occurs by alternation of convection and diffusion. Explain.

Accepted Answer

Only in very small animals can diffusion

Question 6

The partial pressure of any given gas

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be calculated from the universal gas law. 
B)  is dependent on any other gas present. 
C)  is the individual pressure exerted by the gas in a gas mixture. 
D)  is proportional to the size of the gas molecule. 
A)  cannot be calculated from the universal gas law. 
B)  is dependent on any other gas present. 
C)  is the individual pressure exerted by the gas in a gas mixture. 
D)  is proportional to the size of the gas molecule.

Question 7

Which factor is a constant according to the universal gas law?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moles of gas 
B)  Temperature 
C)  The universal gas constant 
D)  Partial pressure 
A)  Moles of gas 
B)  Temperature 
C)  The universal gas constant 
D)  Partial pressure

Question 8

Respiratory gases move from place to place principally by

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  convection. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  both diffusion and convective transport. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  convection. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  both diffusion and convective transport.

Question 9

Which environment would have the lowest available oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  At night, a small summer pond filled with algae 
B)  The summit of Mount Everest 
C)  The burrow of a black-tailed prairie dog 
D)  The burrow of a lemming beneath the arctic snow 
A)  At night, a small summer pond filled with algae 
B)  The summit of Mount Everest 
C)  The burrow of a black-tailed prairie dog 
D)  The burrow of a lemming beneath the arctic snow

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the figure, what was the most likely cause of the zeroing of oxygen partial pressure in the nest?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eggs grew rapidly and used up the available oxygen. 
B)  The nest was flooded with water. 
C)  An algal bloom rapidly used up the available oxygen. 
D)  The eggs hatched and rapidly used up the available oxygen. 
A)  The eggs grew rapidly and used up the available oxygen. 
B)  The nest was flooded with water. 
C)  An algal bloom rapidly used up the available oxygen. 
D)  The eggs hatched and rapidly used up the available oxygen.

Question 11

Refer to the figure shown.
  If the total pressure was 0.1 atm, the percent of O2 in the gas mixture would be _______%.

Accepted Answer

A)  20.95 
B)  2.095 
C)  0.2095 
D)  0.02095 
A)  20.95 
B)  2.095 
C)  0.2095 
D)  0.02095

Question 12

Suppose that at a temperature of 25°C and pressure of 1 atm, all the O2 is removed from 10 L of dry atmospheric air, and the remaining gas is restored to the original temperature and pressure. The final volume will be

Accepted Answer

A)  10 L. 
B)  about 7.9 L. 
C)  about 5 L. 
D)  about 2.1 L. 
A)  10 L. 
B)  about 7.9 L. 
C)  about 5 L. 
D)  about 2.1 L.

Question 13

Henry's law relates _______ in aqueous solutions.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial pressure and concentration 
B)  partial pressure and volume 
C)  pressure and volume 
D)  temperature and concentration 
A)  partial pressure and concentration 
B)  partial pressure and volume 
C)  pressure and volume 
D)  temperature and concentration

Question 14

If active oxygen transport existed, one of its advantages would be

Accepted Answer

A)  that it is a completely passive and therefore energy free process. 
B)  it could move oxygen down partial pressure gradients. 
C)  it could move oxygen against partial pressure gradients. 
D)  it would negate the need for convection. 
A)  that it is a completely passive and therefore energy free process. 
B)  it could move oxygen down partial pressure gradients. 
C)  it could move oxygen against partial pressure gradients. 
D)  it would negate the need for convection.

Question 15

According to the universal gas law, _______ is(are) inversely proportional to the partial pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  moles of gas 
B)  temperature 
C)  volume 
D)  the universal gas constant 
A)  moles of gas 
B)  temperature 
C)  volume 
D)  the universal gas constant

Question 16

STP refers to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature of 37°C. 
B)  pressure of 1 atm. 
C)  volume of 22.4 L. 
D)  oxygen percent of 20.95. 
A)  temperature of 37°C. 
B)  pressure of 1 atm. 
C)  volume of 22.4 L. 
D)  oxygen percent of 20.95.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the respiratory stresses of terrestrial versus aquatic environments.

Accepted Answer

Aquatic and terrestrial environments eac

Question 18

In the analogy of the cascading waterfall, the height of each waterfall is analogous to

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart rate. 
B)  the rate of blood flow. 
C)  the partial pressure difference between the corresponding two cell surfaces. 
D)  the energy difference between the air and the mitochondria. 
A)  the heart rate. 
B)  the rate of blood flow. 
C)  the partial pressure difference between the corresponding two cell surfaces. 
D)  the energy difference between the air and the mitochondria.

Question 19

If a water beetle has been using an air bubble as a gill for 1 hour, the O2 partial pressure will be _______ that of air and the N2 partial pressure will be _______ that of air.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than; less than 
B)  equal to; equal to 
C)  less than; equal to 
D)  greater than; greater than 
A)  less than; less than 
B)  equal to; equal to 
C)  less than; equal to 
D)  greater than; greater than

Question 20

The fraction of the total moles of gas in a gas mixture is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  mole fractional concentration. 
B)  volume fractional concentration. 
C)  partial pressure. 
D)  absorption coefficient. 
A)  mole fractional concentration. 
B)  volume fractional concentration. 
C)  partial pressure. 
D)  absorption coefficient.

Exam 22: Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

How does diffusion work in allowing a water beetle to use an air bubble as a gill? Why does the bubble not collapse?

Which of the following contributes to a respiratory gas partial pressure in solution? I. O2 II. CO2 III. O2 bound to hemoglobin IV. HCO3- dissolved in plasma

Which statement regarding the diffusion of gases is false?

Which statement about gases dissolved in aqueous solutions is true?

Gas transport in animals often occurs by alternation of convection and diffusion. Explain.

The partial pressure of any given gas

Which factor is a constant according to the universal gas law?

Respiratory gases move from place to place principally by

Which environment would have the lowest available oxygen?

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, what was the most likely cause of the zeroing of oxygen partial pressure in the nest?

Refer to the figure shown. If the total pressure was 0.1 atm, the percent of O2 in the gas mixture would be _______%.

Suppose that at a temperature of 25°C and pressure of 1 atm, all the O2 is removed from 10 L of dry atmospheric air, and the remaining gas is restored to the original temperature and pressure. The final volume will be

Henry's law relates _______ in aqueous solutions.

If active oxygen transport existed, one of its advantages would be

According to the universal gas law, _______ is(are) inversely proportional to the partial pressure.

STP refers to a(n)

Compare and contrast the respiratory stresses of terrestrial versus aquatic environments.

In the analogy of the cascading waterfall, the height of each waterfall is analogous to

If a water beetle has been using an air bubble as a gill for 1 hour, the O2 partial pressure will be _______ that of air and the N2 partial pressure will be _______ that of air.

The fraction of the total moles of gas in a gas mixture is called the

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Which of the following contributes to a respiratory gas partial pressure in solution? I. O₂ II. CO₂ III. O₂ bound to hemoglobin IV. HCO₃^- dissolved in plasma

Refer to the figure shown. If the total pressure was 0.1 atm, the percent of O₂ in the gas mixture would be _______%.

Suppose that at a temperature of 25°C and pressure of 1 atm, all the O₂ is removed from 10 L of dry atmospheric air, and the remaining gas is restored to the original temperature and pressure. The final volume will be

If a water beetle has been using an air bubble as a gill for 1 hour, the O₂ partial pressure will be _ that of air and the N₂ partial pressure will be _ that of air.