Question 1

The nerve that runs from the paravertebral ganglia to the heart would be termed a(n) _______ neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic postganglionic 
B)  parasympathetic postganglionic 
C)  sympathetic preganglionic 
D)  parasympathetic preganglionic 
A)  sympathetic postganglionic 
B)  parasympathetic postganglionic 
C)  sympathetic preganglionic 
D)  parasympathetic preganglionic A

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  The peripheral synapses between the first and second neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are located within clusters of neuronal cell bodies called _______ ganglia.

Accepted Answer

A)  enteric 
B)  peripheral 
C)  central 
D)  autonomic 
A)  enteric 
B)  peripheral 
C)  central 
D)  autonomic D

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  If epinephrine/norepinephrine were applied in the vicinity of arrow II in the figure,

Accepted Answer

A)  heart rate would accelerate. 
B)  hormone and enzyme release in the stomach would be inhibited. 
C)  the gallbladder would be stimulated to release bile. 
D)  there would be no effect. 
A)  heart rate would accelerate. 
B)  hormone and enzyme release in the stomach would be inhibited. 
C)  the gallbladder would be stimulated to release bile. 
D)  there would be no effect. D

Question 4

Which principle of functional organization of the vertebrate brain explains the concept of memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brains have maps. 
B)  The expansion of the forebrain is a recorded event in vertebrate brain evolution. 
C)  Brain function is somewhat localized. 
D)  Neural circuits are plastic. 
A)  Brains have maps. 
B)  The expansion of the forebrain is a recorded event in vertebrate brain evolution. 
C)  Brain function is somewhat localized. 
D)  Neural circuits are plastic.

Question 5

Which area has the most sensory neurons per unit area of epidermis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scalp 
B)  Upper arm 
C)  Lips 
D)  Ring finger 
A)  Scalp 
B)  Upper arm 
C)  Lips 
D)  Ring finger

Question 6

Which statement about the Cassiopiea jellyfish is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  These jellyfish have a centralized nerve net that controls rhythmic contraction of the feeding musculature. 
B)  Interconnected motor neurons are used for coordinated movement. 
C)  The rhopalia control coordinated bell muscle contraction via connections with a motor nerve net. 
D)  There is no need for coordinated movement in these filter feeders. 
A)  These jellyfish have a centralized nerve net that controls rhythmic contraction of the feeding musculature. 
B)  Interconnected motor neurons are used for coordinated movement. 
C)  The rhopalia control coordinated bell muscle contraction via connections with a motor nerve net. 
D)  There is no need for coordinated movement in these filter feeders.

Question 7

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which number in the figure best corresponds to the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which statement about the figure is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The figure on the left depicts a cross section of a somatosensory map in a star-nosed mole. 
B)  The figure on the right depicts a side view map of the cerebral cortex in a star-nosed mole. 
C)  The figure on the right depicts a somatosensory map of a hedgehog. 
D)  The figure on the left depicts a somatosensory map of a star-nosed mole. 
A)  The figure on the left depicts a cross section of a somatosensory map in a star-nosed mole. 
B)  The figure on the right depicts a side view map of the cerebral cortex in a star-nosed mole. 
C)  The figure on the right depicts a somatosensory map of a hedgehog. 
D)  The figure on the left depicts a somatosensory map of a star-nosed mole.

Question 9

Refer to the figure shown.
  The structure at arrow I in the figure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  paravertebral ganglion. 
B)  thoracic ganglion. 
C)  thoracic division of the spinal column. 
D)  inferior mesenteric ganglion. 
A)  paravertebral ganglion. 
B)  thoracic ganglion. 
C)  thoracic division of the spinal column. 
D)  inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  The figure depicts a cross section of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  vertebrate spinal cord. 
B)  arthropod ganglion. 
C)  vertebrate ganglion. 
D)  arthropod connective. 
A)  vertebrate spinal cord. 
B)  arthropod ganglion. 
C)  vertebrate ganglion. 
D)  arthropod connective.

Question 11

A connective is a bundle of

Accepted Answer

A)  axons in the PNS. 
B)  axons within a ganglion. 
C)  axons between ganglia in the CNS. 
D)  axons between the right and left sides of a bilaterally symmetrical ganglion. 
A)  axons in the PNS. 
B)  axons within a ganglion. 
C)  axons between ganglia in the CNS. 
D)  axons between the right and left sides of a bilaterally symmetrical ganglion.

Question 12

Which statement describes a general feature of a nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interneurons are collected into integrated areas at one end of the body rather than randomly dispersed. 
B)  Sensory receptor cells transform electrical stimuli into environmental signals. 
C)  Central interneurons integrate signals from sensory receptors and other signals arising within the animal, generating an integrated pattern of impulses. 
D)  Motor commands are sent out from the effectors to the CNS. 
A)  Interneurons are collected into integrated areas at one end of the body rather than randomly dispersed. 
B)  Sensory receptor cells transform electrical stimuli into environmental signals. 
C)  Central interneurons integrate signals from sensory receptors and other signals arising within the animal, generating an integrated pattern of impulses. 
D)  Motor commands are sent out from the effectors to the CNS.

Question 13

Which statement regarding the enteric system is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons exit the CNS in the thoracic region to innervate the gut. 
B)  It plays a role in segmentation. 
C)  It is largely under autonomic control. 
D)  In humans, it contains about 2 million neurons. 
A)  Neurons exit the CNS in the thoracic region to innervate the gut. 
B)  It plays a role in segmentation. 
C)  It is largely under autonomic control. 
D)  In humans, it contains about 2 million neurons.

Question 14

The Cassiopiea jellyfish

Accepted Answer

A)  has neither coordinated intercellular control nor a biological clock. 
B)  has coordinated intercellular control but no measurable biological clock. 
C)  has no coordinated intercellular control but displays biological rhythms. 
D)  has coordinated intercellular control and displays biological rhythms. 
A)  has neither coordinated intercellular control nor a biological clock. 
B)  has coordinated intercellular control but no measurable biological clock. 
C)  has no coordinated intercellular control but displays biological rhythms. 
D)  has coordinated intercellular control and displays biological rhythms.

Question 15

If atropine is an antagonist to acetylcholine, explain what this drug would do to the heart.

Accepted Answer

If atropine is added to the heart, it wi

Question 16

In an arthropod, the bundle of nerve axons located within a ganglion is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  connective. 
B)  sheaf. 
C)  neuropile. 
D)  tract. 
A)  connective. 
B)  sheaf. 
C)  neuropile. 
D)  tract.

Question 17

A structural organization in which integrating neurons are all collected into central integrating areas rather than being randomly dispersed is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cephalization. 
B)  centralization. 
C)  centrification. 
D)  a ganglion. 
A)  cephalization. 
B)  centralization. 
C)  centrification. 
D)  a ganglion.

Question 18

Which statement regarding the brain is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Processing capability is related to the hindbrain. 
B)  Primate brains have a similar cerebral cortex compared to amphibian brains. 
C)  The larger the cerebral cortex, the more the processing capability of the brain. 
D)  Primate brains are more evolved compared to the brains of fish. 
A)  Processing capability is related to the hindbrain. 
B)  Primate brains have a similar cerebral cortex compared to amphibian brains. 
C)  The larger the cerebral cortex, the more the processing capability of the brain. 
D)  Primate brains are more evolved compared to the brains of fish.

Question 19

In the vertebrate PNS, collections of neuronal cell bodies associated with peripheral nerves are called

Accepted Answer

A)  central ganglia. 
B)  peripheral ganglia. 
C)  a tract. 
D)  a commissure. 
A)  central ganglia. 
B)  peripheral ganglia. 
C)  a tract. 
D)  a commissure.

Question 20

Which division of the nervous system regulates digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic 
B)  Sympathetic 
C)  Enteric 
D)  Parasympathetic and enteric 
A)  Parasympathetic 
B)  Sympathetic 
C)  Enteric 
D)  Parasympathetic and enteric

Exam 15: Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

The nerve that runs from the paravertebral ganglia to the heart would be termed a(n) _______ neuron.

Refer to the figure shown. The peripheral synapses between the first and second neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are located within clusters of neuronal cell bodies called _______ ganglia.

Refer to the figure shown. If epinephrine/norepinephrine were applied in the vicinity of arrow II in the figure,

Which principle of functional organization of the vertebrate brain explains the concept of memories?

Which area has the most sensory neurons per unit area of epidermis?

Which statement about the Cassiopiea jellyfish is true?

Refer to the figure shown. Which number in the figure best corresponds to the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory?

Refer to the figure shown. Which statement about the figure is true?

Refer to the figure shown. The structure at arrow I in the figure is the

Refer to the figure shown. The figure depicts a cross section of a(n)

A connective is a bundle of

Which statement describes a general feature of a nervous system?

Which statement regarding the enteric system is true?

The Cassiopiea jellyfish

If atropine is an antagonist to acetylcholine, explain what this drug would do to the heart.

In an arthropod, the bundle of nerve axons located within a ganglion is called a

A structural organization in which integrating neurons are all collected into central integrating areas rather than being randomly dispersed is referred to as

Which statement regarding the brain is true?

In the vertebrate PNS, collections of neuronal cell bodies associated with peripheral nerves are called

Which division of the nervous system regulates digestion?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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