Exam 12: Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission

In a cell with β-adrenergic receptors coupled to the cAMP second messenger system, what would happen to that signaling pathway if you blocked phosphodiesterases?

In a cell with β-adrenergic receptors coupled to the cAMP second messenger system, what would happen to that signaling pathway if you added forskolin?

Which experimental approach could provide evidence that norepinephrine uses the cAMP second messenger system to modulate calcium channels?

An example of convergent signaling mediated by indirectly coupled receptors is…

How are endocannabinoids synthesized, released, and used to modulate synapses?

How many transmembrane domains do all G protein-coupled metabotropic receptors have?

When comparing ionotropic and metabotropic receptors which of the following is true?

Which protein is most commonly used by cells to bind cytoplasmic calcium and trigger biochemical events within the cell?

How is the lifetime of activated G proteins controlled?

How is nitric oxide synthesized?

G proteins are activated when GDP is

How many different types of G protein-coupled metabotropic receptors are present in the nervous system? Include five different examples of G protein-couple metabotropic receptors and how each can maintain transmitter specificity, but all be coupled to G proteins.

What does it mean that inhibition of calcium channels by norepinephrine is "voltage-dependent"?

What would happen in muscle cells dissociated from the atrium of the heart if you added acetylcholine in the presence of an inhibitor of RGS proteins?

What would happen to G protein-coupled metabotropic signaling in a cell if you removed GTP from the cell cytoplasm?

How is Nitric oxide generated as a result of acetylcholine acting on vascular smooth muscle cells?

What is a "calcium microdomain"?

Why are the physiological effects of Nitric oxide (NO) affected by phosphodiesterase inhibitors?

How is G protein-mediated signaling terminated?

Explain how norepinephrine causes an increase in the rate and force of contraction of the heart.