Question 1

Brain derived growth factor (BDNF) binds this high-affinity receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  TrkA 
B)  TrkB 
C)  TrkC 
D)  TrkD 
E)  None of the above 
A)  TrkA 
B)  TrkB 
C)  TrkC 
D)  TrkD 
E)  None of the above B

Question 2

Slit stimulates the protein synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A)  tubulin. 
B)  cofilin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  robo. 
E)  protein kinase C. 
A)  tubulin. 
B)  cofilin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  robo. 
E)  protein kinase C. B

Question 3

The human brain has an increased size and complexity compared to other mammals mainly because of

Accepted Answer

A)  human cells are larger than cells from other mammals. 
B)  human neurons have a lower rate of cell death. 
C)  neurogenesis still occurs postnatally. 
D)  the ratio of neurons to glia cells is different in humans. 
E)  human neurons make more synapses in average compared to other mammals. 
A)  human cells are larger than cells from other mammals. 
B)  human neurons have a lower rate of cell death. 
C)  neurogenesis still occurs postnatally. 
D)  the ratio of neurons to glia cells is different in humans. 
E)  human neurons make more synapses in average compared to other mammals. C

Question 4

Do all axonal guidance cues use protein synthesis as a mechanism to control axon guidance?

Accepted Answer

No, not all guidance cues regu

Question 5

What is the experimental evidence provided from studies in the rat retina that neurogenesis happens before gliogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Cepko and colleagues used a retrovirus e

Question 6

Which experiment reduced the number of dying motoneurons in developing chick embryos?

Accepted Answer

A)  Implanting an extra limb from another embryo 
B)  Removing a limb 
C)  Implanting a tail from another embryo 
D)  Implanting a head from another embryo 
E)  Removing the tail 
A)  Implanting an extra limb from another embryo 
B)  Removing a limb 
C)  Implanting a tail from another embryo 
D)  Implanting a head from another embryo 
E)  Removing the tail

Question 7

Mutations in neurexins have been implicated in

Accepted Answer

A)  autism. 
B)  myasthenia gravis. 
C)  spina bifida. 
D)  multiple sclerosis. 
E)  peripheral neuropathy. 
A)  autism. 
B)  myasthenia gravis. 
C)  spina bifida. 
D)  multiple sclerosis. 
E)  peripheral neuropathy.

Question 8

DCC is a receptor for

Accepted Answer

A)  semaphoring. 
B)  NCAM. 
C)  netrin-1. 
D)  ephrin. 
E)  slit. 
A)  semaphoring. 
B)  NCAM. 
C)  netrin-1. 
D)  ephrin. 
E)  slit.

Question 9

Which gene is not a proneural gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delta 
B)  Neurogenin 
C)  Achaete scute 
D)  Atonal 
E)  Enhancer of split 
A)  Delta 
B)  Neurogenin 
C)  Achaete scute 
D)  Atonal 
E)  Enhancer of split

Question 10

Which molecules do not act as a morphogen during nervous system development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wnt 
B)  cAMP 
C)  FGFs 
D)  Shh 
E)  RA 
A)  Wnt 
B)  cAMP 
C)  FGFs 
D)  Shh 
E)  RA

Question 11

Neurotrophic factors counteract

Accepted Answer

A)  endocytosis. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  necrosis. 
D)  apoptosis. 
E)  acidosis. 
A)  endocytosis. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  necrosis. 
D)  apoptosis. 
E)  acidosis.

Question 12

This embryonic structure is known as the Spemann Organizer in amphibians.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neural plate 
B)  Notochord 
C)  Dorsal blastopore lip 
D)  Epidermis 
E)  Endoderm 
A)  Neural plate 
B)  Notochord 
C)  Dorsal blastopore lip 
D)  Epidermis 
E)  Endoderm

Question 13

As embryonic Xenopus striated muscle cells mature, the following receptor type prevails.

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Glutamine 
D)  Dopamine 
E)  GABA 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Glutamine 
D)  Dopamine 
E)  GABA

Question 14

Which function is not known to be controlled by NGF?

Accepted Answer

A)  Axonal growth of DRG sensory neurons 
B)  Axonal growth of sympathetic neurons 
C)  Survival of sympathetic neurons 
D)  Local protein synthesis 
E)  Survival of hippocampal neurons 
A)  Axonal growth of DRG sensory neurons 
B)  Axonal growth of sympathetic neurons 
C)  Survival of sympathetic neurons 
D)  Local protein synthesis 
E)  Survival of hippocampal neurons

Question 15

Reprogramming mature, differentiated somatic cells with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc can produce

Accepted Answer

A)  irreversible genetic loss. 
B)  actual embryonic stem cells. 
C)  a fertilized egg. 
D)  induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 
E)  immature differentiated somatic cells. 
A)  irreversible genetic loss. 
B)  actual embryonic stem cells. 
C)  a fertilized egg. 
D)  induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). 
E)  immature differentiated somatic cells.

Question 16

According to the default model of neural induction, BMP

Accepted Answer

A)  induces neural fate in ectoderm. 
B)  maintains epidermal fate in ectoderm. 
C)  reduces phosphorylation of SMAD transcription factors. 
D)  binds to notch. 
E)  acts only intracellularly. 
A)  induces neural fate in ectoderm. 
B)  maintains epidermal fate in ectoderm. 
C)  reduces phosphorylation of SMAD transcription factors. 
D)  binds to notch. 
E)  acts only intracellularly.

Question 17

Which neuronal subtype exhibits tangential migration during cortical development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyramidal neurons 
B)  Purkinje neurons 
C)  Spiny neurons 
D)  Basket cells 
E)  GABAergic interneurons 
A)  Pyramidal neurons 
B)  Purkinje neurons 
C)  Spiny neurons 
D)  Basket cells 
E)  GABAergic interneurons

Question 18

The protrusion and retraction of the lamellipodia and filopodia is driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  vesicles. 
D)  F-actin. 
E)  neurofilaments. 
A)  microtubules. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  vesicles. 
D)  F-actin. 
E)  neurofilaments.

Question 19

This embryonic structure induces the floor plate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Notochord 
B)  Spemann organizer 
C)  Central canal 
D)  Roof plate 
E)  Neural plate 
A)  Notochord 
B)  Spemann organizer 
C)  Central canal 
D)  Roof plate 
E)  Neural plate

Question 20

During development of the cortex, neurons migrate outward along the following cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibroblasts 
B)  Microglia 
C)  Oligodendrocytes 
D)  Astrocytes 
E)  Radial glia 
A)  Fibroblasts 
B)  Microglia 
C)  Oligodendrocytes 
D)  Astrocytes 
E)  Radial glia

Exam 27: Development of the Nervous System

Brain derived growth factor (BDNF) binds this high-affinity receptor.

Slit stimulates the protein synthesis of

The human brain has an increased size and complexity compared to other mammals mainly because of

Do all axonal guidance cues use protein synthesis as a mechanism to control axon guidance?

What is the experimental evidence provided from studies in the rat retina that neurogenesis happens before gliogenesis?

Which experiment reduced the number of dying motoneurons in developing chick embryos?

Mutations in neurexins have been implicated in

DCC is a receptor for

Which gene is not a proneural gene?

Which molecules do not act as a morphogen during nervous system development?

Neurotrophic factors counteract

This embryonic structure is known as the Spemann Organizer in amphibians.

As embryonic Xenopus striated muscle cells mature, the following receptor type prevails.

Which function is not known to be controlled by NGF?

Reprogramming mature, differentiated somatic cells with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc can produce

According to the default model of neural induction, BMP

Which neuronal subtype exhibits tangential migration during cortical development?

The protrusion and retraction of the lamellipodia and filopodia is driven by

This embryonic structure induces the floor plate.

During development of the cortex, neurons migrate outward along the following cells.

Principles of Signaling and Organization

Signaling in the Visual System

Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex

Ion Channels and Signaling

Structure of Ion Channels

Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential

Ionic Basis of the Action Potential

Electrical Signaling in Neurons

Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes

Properties and Functions of Neuroglial Cells

Mechanisms of Direct Synaptic Transmission

Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission

Release of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System

Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, Transport, and Inactivation

Synaptic Plasticity

The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Synaptic Plasticity

Mechanisms of Extrasynaptic Communication

Autonomic Nervous System

Walking, Flying, and Swimming: Cellular Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Behavior in Invertebrates

Sensory Transduction

Transduction and Transmission in the Retina

Touch, Pain, and Texture Sensation

Auditory and Vestibular Sensation

Constructing Perception

Initiation and Control of Coordinated Muscular Movements

Critical Periods in Sensory Systems

Regeneration and Repair of Synaptic Connections After Injury

Appendix

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