Exam 5: What Ever Happened to Behavior Anyway

Refer to the scenario below to answer the questions that follow. In an extended experiment, rats receive five kinds of trials within four-hour-long sessions of daily training over a period of five months. A tone is followed by food only when it is preceded by a small light on the left side of the wall (L_L); no food is given when the tone is presented by itself (L_L→T+, T‒). A small light on the right side of the wall (R_L) is followed by food when it was preceded by a clicker; no food is given when the tone is presented by itself (C→R_L+, R_L‒). Finally, a white noise (N) is followed by food 40% of the time. -The experimenter gives the rats several extinction trials in which C occurs alone. If she then tests C with R_L she will find that the response to C→R_L has

When a memory is retrieved, it must be _______, which suggests that there is a period of time in which it can be changed.

From a behavior systems approach, the response elicited by a stimulus signaling the availability of a sexual encounter will be

In one class the instructor always presents power point slides with black backgrounds three days before a test. In another class the instructor presents similar looking slides the day before a test. In a third class the instructor presents similar slides at the beginning of a class in which a test has been scheduled for the second half of the class. Assuming that associations can be learned in all three of these situations, what would the instructor have had to do, from a behavior-systems approach, to predict the types of behaviors that the power point presentation will elicit?

On trials in which the US occurs, a light precedes a tone. On no-US trials, the tone alone is present. Later, the light is changed into a conditioned inhibitor for the US. When light is presented prior to the tone, animals still respond as if the US were forthcoming. The likely conclusion is that

Vending machines typically are illuminated to signal to potential customers that they are in working order and able to deliver their products. Since most vending machines offer a number of product options (e.g., six kinds of soda), a little red light on an option's key panel is illuminated when that particular item is sold out. The little red light is a _______ and the product label is a _______ in a _______ discrimination.

Refer to the scenario below to answer the questions that follow. Many communities have civil-defense tornado sirens that are sounded to warn people that a tornado has been spotted nearby and that they need to seek shelter immediately. In order to ensure that the sirens are functioning correctly, they need to be tested occasionally-but without generating a false alarm. A number of communities have announced that 9:00 a. m. on the first Tuesday of each month is their test time and that a siren sounded at this time can safely be ignored. -According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, 9:00 a.m. on the first Tuesday of the month would be characterized as

"Whether" the US will occur is to "when" the US will occur as the _______ is to the _______.

Refer to the scenario below to answer the questions that follow. In an extended experiment, rats receive five kinds of trials within four-hour-long sessions of daily training over a period of five months. A tone is followed by food only when it is preceded by a small light on the left side of the wall (L_L); no food is given when the tone is presented by itself (L_L→T+, T‒). A small light on the right side of the wall (R_L) is followed by food when it was preceded by a clicker; no food is given when the tone is presented by itself (C→R_L+, R_L‒). Finally, a white noise (N) is followed by food 40% of the time. -If C is an occasion setter, the rats will respond

A forgetting/interference explanation of extinction would tend to focus on

The renewal effect is related to the finding that

If an occasion setter is paired with a new target, one that has been the target of a different occasion setter, the first occasion setter tends to transfer its occasion setting ability to the new target. For instance, if a pigeon is exposed to trials in which A sets the occasion for B to be reinforced (A→B+, B‒) and C sets the occasion for D to be reinforced (C→D+, D‒), then A will also function as an occasion setting for D, and C will be an occasion setter

Memories that have been impaired by reconsolidation blockage caused by a drug can return over time or when the drug is reintroduced just before a test. How might the drug be operating?

To explain why you have called your new partner by your ex's name, you tell him or her that it is simply a matter of _______, and research indicates that the likelihood of it happening again _______.

A student who has completed treatment for test anxiety visits her teacher for some tutoring. The teacher asks questions about the material that the student is not prepared to answer, and the student becomes flustered and embarrassed. When the student takes the next scheduled quiz, she may experience a bout of test anxiety due to _______ of the anxiety that was aroused during the tutoring session.

The two biggest challenges to the stimulus substitution model are

Research on memory and learning has found that Pavlovian learning

Which of the following conclusions about occasion setters has been supported by data?

Suppose that you study first for a test in U.S. history and then for a test in the politics of the Cold War. The next morning you take the history test first and you answer a question about U.S.‒Soviet relations during World War II with information that actually applies to U.S.‒Soviet relations during the Cold War. This is caused by

Fear conditioning has been shown to last for at least