Question 1

The conditional stimulus is an event that

Accepted Answer

A)  naturally elicits a reliable and measurable response. 
B)  eventually elicits a reliable and measurable response after enough experience with it. 
C)  might elicit its own response but with enough pairings with other stimuli can elicit other responses as well. 
D)  will elicit a reliable and measurable response, but only if it has first been preexposed to the subject. 
A)  naturally elicits a reliable and measurable response. 
B)  eventually elicits a reliable and measurable response after enough experience with it. 
C)  might elicit its own response but with enough pairings with other stimuli can elicit other responses as well. 
D)  will elicit a reliable and measurable response, but only if it has first been preexposed to the subject. C

Question 2

Experiments on contingency showed that more than pairings are necessary for conditioning. They also made us think about

Accepted Answer

A)  the function of blocking. 
B)  excitation and inhibition as existing on a continuum. 
C)  an animal's ability to perform computations. 
D)  relative validity. 
A)  the function of blocking. 
B)  excitation and inhibition as existing on a continuum. 
C)  an animal's ability to perform computations. 
D)  relative validity. B

Question 3

At your elementary school, there was a bell in the classroom that told you when it was lunchtime. At middle school a clock on the wall indicated it was time to change class, which was also signaled by a bell. Every time you looked at the clock in high school, you felt hungry. You were affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  higher order conditioning. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  conditioned emotional responding. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  higher order conditioning. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  conditioned emotional responding. B

Question 4

Kamin's interpretation of the blocking phenomenon is that it results from

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus preexposure effects. 
B)  conditioned inhibition. 
C)  a failure to predict anything new. 
D)  confusion when trying to convert an excitor or inhibitor to mean the opposite of what it was originally. 
A)  stimulus preexposure effects. 
B)  conditioned inhibition. 
C)  a failure to predict anything new. 
D)  confusion when trying to convert an excitor or inhibitor to mean the opposite of what it was originally.

Question 5

Conditioned inhibition is the opposite of

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned excitation. 
B)  pseudoconditioning. 
C)  latent inhibition. 
D)  sensitization. 
A)  conditioned excitation. 
B)  pseudoconditioning. 
C)  latent inhibition. 
D)  sensitization.

Question 6

Mom always prepares food in the kitchen. Hungry children follow her whenever she goes into the kitchen. In this scenario, Mom is the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional stimulus. 
B)  unconditional response. 
C)  conditional stimulus. 
D)  conditional response. 
A)  unconditional stimulus. 
B)  unconditional response. 
C)  conditional stimulus. 
D)  conditional response.

Question 7

Cents-off manufacturers' coupons for brand-name products (e.g., ice cream) regularly appear in the newspaper. If you use the coupon to purchase the particular brand or flavor of ice cream, eat the ice cream, and find it exceptionally tasty, you will develop a preference for that brand and flavor. In the future, when you see cents-off coupons for that brand or flavor of ice cream, you remember the delicious taste, despite the fact that the eating of the ice cream has never been paired with the cents-off coupon. Your response is due to the classical conditioning process of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory preconditioning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  second-order conditioning. 
D)  conditioned emotional responding. 
A)  sensory preconditioning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  second-order conditioning. 
D)  conditioned emotional responding.

Question 8

Which of the following classical conditioning phenomena is thought of as illustrating a case of purely S-S learning because the CS that elicits a response is never paired with an O?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus generalization 
B)  Second-order conditioning 
C)  Sensory preconditioning 
D)  Conditioned emotional responding 
A)  Stimulus generalization 
B)  Second-order conditioning 
C)  Sensory preconditioning 
D)  Conditioned emotional responding

Question 9

When a CS has become a conditioned inhibitor, researchers assume that to the subject, the CS now signals "no US." Which evidence best supports that conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A conditioned inhibitor conditions more slowly than a preexposed CS. 
B)  A conditioned inhibitor will suppress a CR to a different CS conditioned with the same US. 
C)  A preexposed (i.e., not novel) CS will interfere with responding to a different CS. 
D)  The inhibitor acts like a preexposed CS, which indicates that nothing particular will occur and thus produces no behavior. 
A)  A conditioned inhibitor conditions more slowly than a preexposed CS. 
B)  A conditioned inhibitor will suppress a CR to a different CS conditioned with the same US. 
C)  A preexposed (i.e., not novel) CS will interfere with responding to a different CS. 
D)  The inhibitor acts like a preexposed CS, which indicates that nothing particular will occur and thus produces no behavior.

Question 10

S-S learning is also referred to as _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  response substitution 
B)  stimulus substitution 
C)  stimulus-response 
D)  response-stimulus 
A)  response substitution 
B)  stimulus substitution 
C)  stimulus-response 
D)  response-stimulus

Question 11

A rival bowling team always beats your team. Bob, a large, exuberant, somewhat loud fellow, is on the rival team. Bob bowls very well, but not any better than the other members of his team, who are relatively quiet. One night Bob is absent, and you feel certain that your team will now win. Based on what you know about conditioning, why might you feel that way?

Accepted Answer

Bob is a salient stimulus, and though he

Question 12

A rat presses a lever 9 times before a CS comes on. During the CS the rat freezes somewhat and only presses 1 time. What is the resulting suppression ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.11 
B)  0.1 
C)  0.9 
D)  More information is needed to calculate the suppression ratio. 
A)  0.11 
B)  0.1 
C)  0.9 
D)  More information is needed to calculate the suppression ratio.

Question 13

Why is conditioned inhibition more difficult to demonstrate than conditioned excitation, and what must be done to observe it in most cases?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned inhibition signals the absen

Question 14

A researcher studying rats uses a tone to signal that food is available in the hopper. After a number of tone‒food pairings, the researcher pairs an illuminated light with just the tone. The rat paws, licks, and chews on the illuminated light when the tone is sounded, even though no food is provided in this training stage. This conditioning procedure illustrates the phenomenon of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory preconditioning. 
B)  conditioned emotional responding. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  higher order conditioning. 
A)  sensory preconditioning. 
B)  conditioned emotional responding. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  higher order conditioning.

Question 15

The _______ method requires the fewest trials to obtain conditioning, while the _______ method requires the most trials.

Accepted Answer

A)  taste aversion; eyeblink 
B)  autoshaping; magazine conditioning 
C)  CER; eyeblink 
D)  appetitive conditioning; autoshaping 
A)  taste aversion; eyeblink 
B)  autoshaping; magazine conditioning 
C)  CER; eyeblink 
D)  appetitive conditioning; autoshaping

Question 16

Which of the following two conditioning procedures do not produce true inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)  CS preexposure and extinction 
B)  Backward conditioning and habituation 
C)  Long-delay conditioning and adaptation 
D)  Bidirectional conditioning and pseudoconditioning 
A)  CS preexposure and extinction 
B)  Backward conditioning and habituation 
C)  Long-delay conditioning and adaptation 
D)  Bidirectional conditioning and pseudoconditioning

Question 17

Which of the following statements about CS preexposure and extinction is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  CS preexposure fails the retardation-of-acquisition test but passes the suppression test. 
B)  CS preexposure passes the retardation-of-acquisition test but fails the suppression test. 
C)  Extinction fails the retardation-of-acquisition test but passes the suppression test. 
D)  Extinction passes both the retardation-of-acquisition and suppression tests. 
A)  CS preexposure fails the retardation-of-acquisition test but passes the suppression test. 
B)  CS preexposure passes the retardation-of-acquisition test but fails the suppression test. 
C)  Extinction fails the retardation-of-acquisition test but passes the suppression test. 
D)  Extinction passes both the retardation-of-acquisition and suppression tests.

Question 18

Using cats, a researcher presents a tone to signal that foot shock will occur. After a number of tone‒foot shock pairings, the researcher pairs a flashing light with just the tone. To test if higher order conditioning has occurred, the researcher would present only the _______ and expect it to produce fear and a withdrawal response.

Accepted Answer

A)  tone 
B)  flashing light 
C)  flashing light‒tone combination 
D)  flashing light‒foot shock combination 
A)  tone 
B)  flashing light 
C)  flashing light‒tone combination 
D)  flashing light‒foot shock combination

Question 19

At her family's annual reunion, Traci eats fried chicken, potato salad, baked beans, and, for the first time, pickled pigs' feet. In the middle of the night she awakens with a stomach ache, which she attributes to the pickled pigs' feet. She refuses to try that food again. Traci's development of a taste aversion to pickled pigs' feet is based on a real-life version of the _______ conditioning procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)  trace 
B)  backward 
C)  delay 
D)  simultaneous 
A)  trace 
B)  backward 
C)  delay 
D)  simultaneous

Question 20

You buy a new "WhizBrand" laptop computer with an extra-large monitor from "Shiny Vision." You take your computer to work, and shortly after moving all your files and deleting them from your old computer, your WhizBrand computer crashes and destroys all your data. You will never buy a WhizBrand again, and you also avoid Shiny Vision monitors. Why might you fear the Shiny Vision monitors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalization 
B)  Second order conditioning 
C)  Sensory preconditioning 
D)  Blocking 
A)  Generalization 
B)  Second order conditioning 
C)  Sensory preconditioning 
D)  Blocking

The conditional stimulus is an event that

Experiments on contingency showed that more than pairings are necessary for conditioning. They also made us think about

At your elementary school, there was a bell in the classroom that told you when it was lunchtime. At middle school a clock on the wall indicated it was time to change class, which was also signaled by a bell. Every time you looked at the clock in high school, you felt hungry. You were affected by

Kamin's interpretation of the blocking phenomenon is that it results from

Conditioned inhibition is the opposite of

Mom always prepares food in the kitchen. Hungry children follow her whenever she goes into the kitchen. In this scenario, Mom is the

Which of the following classical conditioning phenomena is thought of as illustrating a case of purely S-S learning because the CS that elicits a response is never paired with an O?

When a CS has become a conditioned inhibitor, researchers assume that to the subject, the CS now signals "no US." Which evidence best supports that conclusion?

S-S learning is also referred to as _______ learning.

A rat presses a lever 9 times before a CS comes on. During the CS the rat freezes somewhat and only presses 1 time. What is the resulting suppression ratio?

Why is conditioned inhibition more difficult to demonstrate than conditioned excitation, and what must be done to observe it in most cases?

The _ method requires the fewest trials to obtain conditioning, while the _ method requires the most trials.

Which of the following two conditioning procedures do not produce true inhibition?

Which of the following statements about CS preexposure and extinction is true?

Learning Theory: What It Is and How It Got This Way

Learning and Adaptation

Theories of Conditioning

What Ever Happened to Behavior Anyway

Are the Laws of Conditioning General

Behavior and Its Consequences

How Stimuli Guide Instrumental Action

The Motivation of Instrumental Action

A Synthetic Perspective on Instrumental Action

Filters

Exam 3: The Nuts and Bolts of Classical Conditioning

The conditional stimulus is an event that

Experiments on contingency showed that more than pairings are necessary for conditioning. They also made us think about

At your elementary school, there was a bell in the classroom that told you when it was lunchtime. At middle school a clock on the wall indicated it was time to change class, which was also signaled by a bell. Every time you looked at the clock in high school, you felt hungry. You were affected by

Kamin's interpretation of the blocking phenomenon is that it results from

Conditioned inhibition is the opposite of

Mom always prepares food in the kitchen. Hungry children follow her whenever she goes into the kitchen. In this scenario, Mom is the

Which of the following classical conditioning phenomena is thought of as illustrating a case of purely S-S learning because the CS that elicits a response is never paired with an O?

When a CS has become a conditioned inhibitor, researchers assume that to the subject, the CS now signals "no US." Which evidence best supports that conclusion?

S-S learning is also referred to as _______ learning.

A rat presses a lever 9 times before a CS comes on. During the CS the rat freezes somewhat and only presses 1 time. What is the resulting suppression ratio?

Why is conditioned inhibition more difficult to demonstrate than conditioned excitation, and what must be done to observe it in most cases?

The _______ method requires the fewest trials to obtain conditioning, while the _______ method requires the most trials.

Which of the following two conditioning procedures do not produce true inhibition?

Which of the following statements about CS preexposure and extinction is true?

Learning Theory: What It Is and How It Got This Way

Learning and Adaptation

Theories of Conditioning

What Ever Happened to Behavior Anyway

Are the Laws of Conditioning General

Behavior and Its Consequences

How Stimuli Guide Instrumental Action

The Motivation of Instrumental Action

A Synthetic Perspective on Instrumental Action

Filters

The _ method requires the fewest trials to obtain conditioning, while the _ method requires the most trials.