Question 1

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function:
-_____stabilization of the head as the rest of the body turns left to right

Accepted Answer

A)  optocollic reflex 
B)  vestibulo-ocular reflex 
C)  vestibulocollic reflex 
D)  quadriceps stretch reflex 
E)  leg withdrawal reflex
F) crossed extensor reflex
G) optokinetic reflex
H) eye blink reflex. 
A)  optocollic reflex 
B)  vestibulo-ocular reflex 
C)  vestibulocollic reflex 
D)  quadriceps stretch reflex 
E)  leg withdrawal reflex
F) crossed extensor reflex
G) optokinetic reflex
H) eye blink reflex.

Question 2

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

central pa

Question 3

Match each scientist with their appropriate contribution to understanding of the control of posture and locomotion
-_____ made important early discoveries of the leg withdrawal reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Sherrington 
B)  Donald Wilson 
C)  Sten Grillner 
D)  Graham Brown 
E)  Hughlings Jackson
F) Wilder Penfield
G) Giocomo Rizzolatti. 
A)  Charles Sherrington 
B)  Donald Wilson 
C)  Sten Grillner 
D)  Graham Brown 
E)  Hughlings Jackson
F) Wilder Penfield
G) Giocomo Rizzolatti.

Question 4

Motor control and movement is dependent upon activity of which of the following structures and reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  deep cerebellar nuclei 
B)  premotor cortex 
C)  spinal reflexes 
D)  vestibular reflexes 
E)  all of the above 
A)  deep cerebellar nuclei 
B)  premotor cortex 
C)  spinal reflexes 
D)  vestibular reflexes 
E)  all of the above

Question 5

A 24-year old woman in China in one of nine known cases of someone being born without a cerebellum. She went to the hospital for nausea and vertigo when it was discovered and reported significant delays in speaking and walking during development. Discuss how all of these symptoms are explained by her lack of a cerebellum and what other deficits or symptoms you might suspect she had?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is a crucial part of the

Question 6

When experimenters induced fictive swimming in dogfish, they observed that the rhythm of the fictive swimming could be synchronized to the rhythm of mechanical movements of the tail. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral CPGs 
B)  half-center oscillation 
C)  entrainment 
D)  VOR reflex 
E)  none of the above 
A)  cerebral CPGs 
B)  half-center oscillation 
C)  entrainment 
D)  VOR reflex 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

Purkinje cell activation results in ____________of their target cells in the interior of the cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Purkinje cell activation results in ____________of their...

Question 8

All of the following are true statements about reflexes, except.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex circuits contain both excitatory and inhibitory neurons 
B)  reflexes are involuntary 
C)  reflexes are not learned behaviors 
D)  reflex circuits can have multiple effectors 
E)  the strength of a reflex can change with different stimuli 
A)  reflex circuits contain both excitatory and inhibitory neurons 
B)  reflexes are involuntary 
C)  reflexes are not learned behaviors 
D)  reflex circuits can have multiple effectors 
E)  the strength of a reflex can change with different stimuli

Question 9

In Figure 10.26 In the text cerebellar modulation of the VOR is demonstrated by having monkeys respond with head movements to visual stimulus in the presence or absence of magnifying lenses. Using lidocaine, they found that the VOR gain in the presence of magnifying glasses depended on action potentials in the vestibullocerebellum. What additional experiment would be best to provide even more detailed evidence of how the cerebellum modifies the VOR?

Accepted Answer

A)  having the monkeys look through magnifying lenses of different colors 
B)  using a sound stimulus while conducting the experiment 
C)  infusing the vestibullocerebellum with a GABA receptor inhibitor 
D)  repeating the experiment in decerebrated cats 
E)  none of the above 
A)  having the monkeys look through magnifying lenses of different colors 
B)  using a sound stimulus while conducting the experiment 
C)  infusing the vestibullocerebellum with a GABA receptor inhibitor 
D)  repeating the experiment in decerebrated cats 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following are necessary before an experiment using live, vertebrate animals can be conducted in a lab that receives money from the NIH?

Accepted Answer

A)  the laboratory has to be inspected by the IACCUC 
B)  all procedures must be approved by the IACCUC 
C)  all animals must receive veterinary care 
D)  procedures must be chosen that reduce an animals comfort, distress, and pain as much as possible 
E)  all of the above 
A)  the laboratory has to be inspected by the IACCUC 
B)  all procedures must be approved by the IACCUC 
C)  all animals must receive veterinary care 
D)  procedures must be chosen that reduce an animals comfort, distress, and pain as much as possible 
E)  all of the above

Question 11

Congenital analgesia, is a rare condition where a person does not have a perception of pain. Which of the following reflexes might be most affected by this loss of sensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned eye blink reflex 
B)  leg withdrawal reflex 
C)  cross extensor reflex 
D)  vestibulocollic reflex 
E)  none of the above 
A)  conditioned eye blink reflex 
B)  leg withdrawal reflex 
C)  cross extensor reflex 
D)  vestibulocollic reflex 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  mice 
B)  birds 
C)  monkeys 
D)  rats 
E)  fish 
A)  mice 
B)  birds 
C)  monkeys 
D)  rats 
E)  fish

Question 13

Which of the of the following is a true statement regarding the functions of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebellum's primary role is for fine-tuning movements and balance very little influence on cognition 
B)  all projections of the cerebellum synapse within the cerebellum 
C)  the cerebellum has neuronal connections with the VOR, motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex and therefore refines movement and balance as well as influences cognition 
D)  the cerebellum is a completely autonomous structure within the brain 
A)  the cerebellum's primary role is for fine-tuning movements and balance very little influence on cognition 
B)  all projections of the cerebellum synapse within the cerebellum 
C)  the cerebellum has neuronal connections with the VOR, motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex and therefore refines movement and balance as well as influences cognition 
D)  the cerebellum is a completely autonomous structure within the brain

Question 14

Which of the following changes in movement after severe damage to descending neurons of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic vertebrae would you expect?

Accepted Answer

A)  during a period of spinal shock processes such as respiration, digestion, urination, and defecation are severely impaired or lost completely 
B)  upper and lower limbs go limp or are very weak and any returning movement is erradic and unpredictable 
C)  heightened sensitivity to non-voluntary movement to the limbs and skin sensitivity due to a loss of spinal reflex integration with the motor cortex and cerebellum 
D)  complete paralysis of the lower body with no movement, voluntary or involuntary 
E)  a-c 
A)  during a period of spinal shock processes such as respiration, digestion, urination, and defecation are severely impaired or lost completely 
B)  upper and lower limbs go limp or are very weak and any returning movement is erradic and unpredictable 
C)  heightened sensitivity to non-voluntary movement to the limbs and skin sensitivity due to a loss of spinal reflex integration with the motor cortex and cerebellum 
D)  complete paralysis of the lower body with no movement, voluntary or involuntary 
E)  a-c

Question 15

Which of the following support the idea that the motor cortex expresses a high level of neural plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning new movements can activate previously dormant neurons in the motor cortex 
B)  learned movements activate or rewire patterns in the motor cortex 
C)  constraint-induced movement therapy is efficacious for restoring movement in a damaged limb 
D)  cortical maps for certain movements have been shown experimentally to change over time 
E)  all of the above 
A)  learning new movements can activate previously dormant neurons in the motor cortex 
B)  learned movements activate or rewire patterns in the motor cortex 
C)  constraint-induced movement therapy is efficacious for restoring movement in a damaged limb 
D)  cortical maps for certain movements have been shown experimentally to change over time 
E)  all of the above

Question 16

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function:
-_____prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Accepted Answer

A)  optocollic reflex 
B)  vestibulo-ocular reflex 
C)  vestibulocollic reflex 
D)  quadriceps stretch reflex 
E)  leg withdrawal reflex
F) crossed extensor reflex
G) optokinetic reflex
H) eye blink reflex. 
A)  optocollic reflex 
B)  vestibulo-ocular reflex 
C)  vestibulocollic reflex 
D)  quadriceps stretch reflex 
E)  leg withdrawal reflex
F) crossed extensor reflex
G) optokinetic reflex
H) eye blink reflex.

Question 17

Feedback and feedforward control are general features of the nervous system. In particular, the coordination of movement requires both feedback and feedforward neural control of motor systems. Define feedback and feedforward control in your own words and give an example of each type of control in a specific type of movement.

Accepted Answer

Feedback control in the nervous system r

Question 18

Does the discovery of mirror neurons support or contradict the current hypotheses on how the motor cortex is mapped to coordinate specific movements?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of mirror neurons has prov

Question 19

Learning to turn the wheel of a car sliding on ice in the opposite direction that the car is sliding in a slow, controlled fashion is an example of what sort of learned behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive feedforward control 
B)  adaptive feedback control 
C)  learned avoidance 
D)  reward-seeking 
E)  a and b 
A)  adaptive feedforward control 
B)  adaptive feedback control 
C)  learned avoidance 
D)  reward-seeking 
E)  a and b

Question 20

In the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the eyes move in the __________direction as the head.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the eyes move...

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____stabilization of the head as the rest of the body turns left to right

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

Match each scientist with their appropriate contribution to understanding of the control of posture and locomotion -_____ made important early discoveries of the leg withdrawal reflex

Motor control and movement is dependent upon activity of which of the following structures and reflexes?

When experimenters induced fictive swimming in dogfish, they observed that the rhythm of the fictive swimming could be synchronized to the rhythm of mechanical movements of the tail. What is this an example of?

Purkinje cell activation results in ____________of their target cells in the interior of the cerebellum.

All of the following are true statements about reflexes, except.

Which of the following are necessary before an experiment using live, vertebrate animals can be conducted in a lab that receives money from the NIH?

Congenital analgesia, is a rare condition where a person does not have a perception of pain. Which of the following reflexes might be most affected by this loss of sensation?

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?

Which of the of the following is a true statement regarding the functions of the cerebellum?

Which of the following changes in movement after severe damage to descending neurons of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic vertebrae would you expect?

Which of the following support the idea that the motor cortex expresses a high level of neural plasticity?

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Does the discovery of mirror neurons support or contradict the current hypotheses on how the motor cortex is mapped to coordinate specific movements?

Learning to turn the wheel of a car sliding on ice in the opposite direction that the car is sliding in a slow, controlled fashion is an example of what sort of learned behavior.

In the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the eyes move in the __________direction as the head.

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters

Exam 10: Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____stabilization of the head as the rest of the body turns left to right

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

Match each scientist with their appropriate contribution to understanding of the control of posture and locomotion -_____ made important early discoveries of the leg withdrawal reflex

Motor control and movement is dependent upon activity of which of the following structures and reflexes?

When experimenters induced fictive swimming in dogfish, they observed that the rhythm of the fictive swimming could be synchronized to the rhythm of mechanical movements of the tail. What is this an example of?

Purkinje cell activation results in ____________of their target cells in the interior of the cerebellum.

All of the following are true statements about reflexes, except.

Which of the following are necessary before an experiment using live, vertebrate animals can be conducted in a lab that receives money from the NIH?

Congenital analgesia, is a rare condition where a person does not have a perception of pain. Which of the following reflexes might be most affected by this loss of sensation?

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?

Which of the of the following is a true statement regarding the functions of the cerebellum?

Which of the following changes in movement after severe damage to descending neurons of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic vertebrae would you expect?

Which of the following support the idea that the motor cortex expresses a high level of neural plasticity?

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Does the discovery of mirror neurons support or contradict the current hypotheses on how the motor cortex is mapped to coordinate specific movements?

Learning to turn the wheel of a car sliding on ice in the opposite direction that the car is sliding in a slow, controlled fashion is an example of what sort of learned behavior.

In the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the eyes move in the __________direction as the head.

Nervous System Organization

Computing With Neurons

Neuronal Plasticity

Developing a Nervous System

Protecting and Maintaining the Adult Nervous System

Sensors I: Remote Sensing

Sensors II: Sensing on Contact

Using Muscles and Glands

Regulating Vital Bodily Functions

Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Identifying Stimuli and Stimulus Objects

Regulating Brain States

Remembering Relationships

Selecting Actions, Pursuing Goals

Being Different From Others

Filters