Question 1

The evidence-based approach discourages making decisions based on a single study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Meta-analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  A research synthesis of a set of studies that uses a quantitative measure, effect size, to indicate the strength of relationship between the variables. 
B)  Utilizing multiple statistics in the same study. 
C)  Reporting descriptive statistics in study prior to the inferential statistics. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  A research synthesis of a set of studies that uses a quantitative measure, effect size, to indicate the strength of relationship between the variables. 
B)  Utilizing multiple statistics in the same study. 
C)  Reporting descriptive statistics in study prior to the inferential statistics. 
D)  None of the above. A

Question 3

Cohen's guidelines for effect sizes (i.e., small, medium, and large) apply to all subfields.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Effect sizes should always be reported.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What are the advantages of conducting a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

• Meta-analysis provide a summary statis

Question 6

Why should effect sizes be reported?

Accepted Answer

Effect sizes should be reporte

Question 7

The purpose of a research synthesis is increase the internal validity with a representative sample.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Effect sizes allow investigators to combine effect sizes from different studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A confidence interval tells the researcher:

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a 95% probability that the true population difference between means is within the interval. 
B)  If multiple confidence intervals were created, they would all be identical. 
C)  There is a 95% probability that the true population difference between means is outside of the interval. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  There is a 95% probability that the true population difference between means is within the interval. 
B)  If multiple confidence intervals were created, they would all be identical. 
C)  There is a 95% probability that the true population difference between means is outside of the interval. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 10

The most important aspect of a meta-analysis is determining the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of research studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Disagreement regarding effect sizes includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  Which effect to use. 
B)  Whether to use the squared or unsquared value. 
C)  When to report effect sizes. 
D)  a and b 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Which effect to use. 
B)  Whether to use the squared or unsquared value. 
C)  When to report effect sizes. 
D)  a and b 
E)  All of the above.

Question 12

If zero is in the confidence interval:

Accepted Answer

A)  The confidence interval indicates that the outcome is statistically significant. 
B)  The confidence interval indicates that the outcome is not statistically significant. 
C)  The confidence interval indicates that a computation error occurred. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  The confidence interval indicates that the outcome is statistically significant. 
B)  The confidence interval indicates that the outcome is not statistically significant. 
C)  The confidence interval indicates that a computation error occurred. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 13

Confidence intervals are an important procedure for the evidence-based approach because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Relying solely on the p value removes the researcher from the actual data. 
B)  Utilizing p values decreases the likelihood of a Type II error. 
C)  The fact that p values are interpreted as a dichotomous decision is misleading. 
D)  a and c 
A)  Relying solely on the p value removes the researcher from the actual data. 
B)  Utilizing p values decreases the likelihood of a Type II error. 
C)  The fact that p values are interpreted as a dichotomous decision is misleading. 
D)  a and c

Question 14

The r family of effect size measures includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  r 
B)  phi 
C)  rho 
D)  eta 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  r 
B)  phi 
C)  rho 
D)  eta 
E)  All of the above.

Question 15

The value of d must be between 0 and 1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A confidence interval tells the researcher that there is a 95% probability that the true population difference between means is within the interval.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Confidence intervals:

Accepted Answer

A)  Always contain the true population difference between means. 
B)  Do not contain the true population difference between means. 
C)  Should contain the true population difference between means. 
D)  Should contain the true population difference between medians. 
A)  Always contain the true population difference between means. 
B)  Do not contain the true population difference between means. 
C)  Should contain the true population difference between means. 
D)  Should contain the true population difference between medians.

Question 18

When confidence intervals are constructed, statistical testing does not need to occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Advantages of performing a meta-analysis include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Computing a summary statistic for a large number of studies. 
B)  Providing evidence of the reliability of a research finding. 
C)  Can include studies that did not result in statistically significant results. 
D)  Increased external validity. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Computing a summary statistic for a large number of studies. 
B)  Providing evidence of the reliability of a research finding. 
C)  Can include studies that did not result in statistically significant results. 
D)  Increased external validity. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 20

When conducting a meta-analysis, the end product will never be better than the individual studies that make up the meta-analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Making Inferences From Sample Data II: the Evidence-Based Approach

The evidence-based approach discourages making decisions based on a single study.

Meta-analysis is:

Cohen's guidelines for effect sizes (i.e., small, medium, and large) apply to all subfields.

Effect sizes should always be reported.

What are the advantages of conducting a meta-analysis?

Why should effect sizes be reported?

The purpose of a research synthesis is increase the internal validity with a representative sample.

Effect sizes allow investigators to combine effect sizes from different studies.

A confidence interval tells the researcher:

The most important aspect of a meta-analysis is determining the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of research studies.

Disagreement regarding effect sizes includes:

If zero is in the confidence interval:

Confidence intervals are an important procedure for the evidence-based approach because:

The r family of effect size measures includes:

The value of d must be between 0 and 1.

A confidence interval tells the researcher that there is a 95% probability that the true population difference between means is within the interval.

Confidence intervals:

When confidence intervals are constructed, statistical testing does not need to occur.

Advantages of performing a meta-analysis include:

When conducting a meta-analysis, the end product will never be better than the individual studies that make up the meta-analysis.

Definitions, Purposes, and Dimensions of Research

Planning a Quantitative Research Project

Variables, Research Questions, and Hypotheses

Research Approaches

Randomized Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Subject Designs

Nonexperimental Approachesdesigns

Internal Validity

Sampling and Introduction to External Validity

Measurement and Descriptive Statistics

Measurement Reliability

Measurement Validity

Types of Data Collection Techniques

Ethical Issues in Conducting the Study

Practical Issues in Data Collection and Coding

Making Inferences From Sample Data I: The Null Hypothesis Significance Testing Approach

General Design Classifications for Selection of Difference Statistical Methods

Selection of Appropriate Statistical Methods: Integration of Design and Analysis

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Basic Difference Questions

Analysis and Interpretation of Basic Associational Research Questions

Analysis and Interpretation of Complex Research Questions

Evaluating Research Validity: Part I

Evaluating Research Validity: Part II

Evaluating Research for Evidence-Based Practice

Writing the Research Report

Filters