Question 1

A single study can provide sufficient evidence of an instrument's validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Construct validity is based on the assumption that the hypothetical concept of interest is directly observable and measurable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A researcher is developing a tool on prosocial behavior in toddlers. She wants to prove evidence for measurement validity. Which of the following is true about content validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A panel of experts should review items for representativeness of the concept 
B)  A correlation coefficient of .80 would be acceptable 
C)  The researcher should do a thorough literature review on prosocial behavior in toddlers 
D)  a and c 
A)  A panel of experts should review items for representativeness of the concept 
B)  A correlation coefficient of .80 would be acceptable 
C)  The researcher should do a thorough literature review on prosocial behavior in toddlers 
D)  a and c D

Question 4

Dr. Ann L. Retentive wants to establish construct validity for an instrument to measure perfectionism. Which of the following is true about convergent evidence for validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  There should be relatively low correlations between the instrument and other, theoretically related measures 
B)  The researcher should develop some hypotheses about what the instrument should predict based on a theoretical framework 
C)  The researcher needs to find a standardized, external criterion for comparison 
D)  a and c 
A)  There should be relatively low correlations between the instrument and other, theoretically related measures 
B)  The researcher should develop some hypotheses about what the instrument should predict based on a theoretical framework 
C)  The researcher needs to find a standardized, external criterion for comparison 
D)  a and c

Question 5

According to the 1999 Standards what are the types of validity for evidence based on other variables?

Accepted Answer

1. Criterion-concurrent: test and criter

Question 6

According to the 1985 Standards, in your own words describe the difference between convergent and concurrent validity.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Convergent validity i

Question 7

Dr. Feelgood reports a Cronbach's alpha of .95 for a scale of 6 Likert items that measures compassion. She may legitimately make which of the assumptions or conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overall item intercorrelations are high 
B)  The items may be measuring more than one construct 
C)  Another index of reliability should be provided 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Overall item intercorrelations are high 
B)  The items may be measuring more than one construct 
C)  Another index of reliability should be provided 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

Why is it inappropriate to say a test is valid or invalid?

Accepted Answer

Validity is a proper

Question 9

Researchers should always strive to develop their own measurement tools.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Factor analysis supports the theory-based grouping of items and is evidence-based on internal structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

One form of evidence for criterion validity is if the instrument has a clear, interpretable factor structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A researcher develops an aptitude test to predict entry level nursing students' probability of graduating successfully from a 4-year nursing school. The dropout rate is 25%. Which of the following is true about predictive evidence of validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  An r of .9 would suggest that predictive evidence is high 
B)  The criterion variable will have more participants than the predictor variable 
C)  Entry-level students can be compared concurrently with a group of graduating students 
D)  a and b 
A)  An r of .9 would suggest that predictive evidence is high 
B)  The criterion variable will have more participants than the predictor variable 
C)  Entry-level students can be compared concurrently with a group of graduating students 
D)  a and b

Question 13

If a tool has high measurement validity, it must have high measurement reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A disadvantage of predictive criterion validity is that the researcher must wait until those tested initially can be measured on the criterion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is true about measurement validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier to obtain than measurement reliability 
B)  The correlation coefficient is used to describe all types of validity 
C)  A correlation coefficient is used to describe criterion validity 
D)  Face validity is the best evidence of measurement validity 
E)  It is a property of the instrument as opposed to how the measure is to be used 
A)  It is easier to obtain than measurement reliability 
B)  The correlation coefficient is used to describe all types of validity 
C)  A correlation coefficient is used to describe criterion validity 
D)  Face validity is the best evidence of measurement validity 
E)  It is a property of the instrument as opposed to how the measure is to be used

Question 16

If a measurement tool has high reliability, it must have high validity as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Measurement reliability influences the accurate assessment of a study's results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Dr. Thera Pea has developed a social problem-solving test. In order to establish its criterion validity, she wants to give it to undergraduate students to see if it will predict grade point average in a graduate social work program. She is able to establish high concurrent evidence for the test. Which of the following would be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  She gave the test to graduate students in the social work program and measured their GPAs 
B)  She gave the test to undergraduate students 
C)  She assumed that there is little change in social problem-solving skills during the time between undergraduate and graduate studies 
D)  a and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  She gave the test to graduate students in the social work program and measured their GPAs 
B)  She gave the test to undergraduate students 
C)  She assumed that there is little change in social problem-solving skills during the time between undergraduate and graduate studies 
D)  a and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Criterion evidence for validity depends on establishing an r between the measurement instrument and a measurable external criterion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Measurement Validity

A single study can provide sufficient evidence of an instrument's validity.

Construct validity is based on the assumption that the hypothetical concept of interest is directly observable and measurable.

A researcher is developing a tool on prosocial behavior in toddlers. She wants to prove evidence for measurement validity. Which of the following is true about content validity?

Dr. Ann L. Retentive wants to establish construct validity for an instrument to measure perfectionism. Which of the following is true about convergent evidence for validity?

According to the 1999 Standards what are the types of validity for evidence based on other variables?

According to the 1985 Standards, in your own words describe the difference between convergent and concurrent validity.

Dr. Feelgood reports a Cronbach's alpha of .95 for a scale of 6 Likert items that measures compassion. She may legitimately make which of the assumptions or conclusions?

Why is it inappropriate to say a test is valid or invalid?

Researchers should always strive to develop their own measurement tools.

Factor analysis supports the theory-based grouping of items and is evidence-based on internal structure.

One form of evidence for criterion validity is if the instrument has a clear, interpretable factor structure.

A researcher develops an aptitude test to predict entry level nursing students' probability of graduating successfully from a 4-year nursing school. The dropout rate is 25%. Which of the following is true about predictive evidence of validity?

If a tool has high measurement validity, it must have high measurement reliability.

A disadvantage of predictive criterion validity is that the researcher must wait until those tested initially can be measured on the criterion.

Which of the following is true about measurement validity?

If a measurement tool has high reliability, it must have high validity as well.

Measurement reliability influences the accurate assessment of a study's results.

Criterion evidence for validity depends on establishing an r between the measurement instrument and a measurable external criterion.

Definitions, Purposes, and Dimensions of Research

Planning a Quantitative Research Project

Variables, Research Questions, and Hypotheses

Research Approaches

Randomized Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Subject Designs

Nonexperimental Approachesdesigns

Internal Validity

Sampling and Introduction to External Validity

Measurement and Descriptive Statistics

Measurement Reliability

Types of Data Collection Techniques

Ethical Issues in Conducting the Study

Practical Issues in Data Collection and Coding

Making Inferences From Sample Data I: The Null Hypothesis Significance Testing Approach

Making Inferences From Sample Data II: the Evidence-Based Approach

General Design Classifications for Selection of Difference Statistical Methods

Selection of Appropriate Statistical Methods: Integration of Design and Analysis

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Basic Difference Questions

Analysis and Interpretation of Basic Associational Research Questions

Analysis and Interpretation of Complex Research Questions

Evaluating Research Validity: Part I

Evaluating Research Validity: Part II

Evaluating Research for Evidence-Based Practice

Writing the Research Report

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