Exam 9: Gene Expression: From Genes to Proteins

Which one of the following is NOT required for transcription?

Most amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

____________________ have two binding sites for tRNA to allow the formation of peptide bonds.

The codon ____________________ serves as the initiator codon and also codes for the amino acid ____________________.

What happens to human mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by an error in ____________.

Why is the correct folding of a protein so important, and what ultimately determines the shape a protein will assume?

The cap on the 3' end of mRNA helps attach the mRNA to the ribosome.

How many codons do not code for any amino acid?

The number of different proteins a cell can produce is often much larger than the number of genes in that cell.

After RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence and causes the adjacent double-strand DNA to unwind, only one strand can be used as the template for RNA formation.

Depending on the mRNA sequence, amino acids are randomly inserted all along the protein.

Retroviruses such as HIV are capable of making a DNA strand by reading a complementary RNA strand. Very sensibly, scientists call this process "reverse ____________________."

The acid group in an amino acid is the ______________ group.

All RNAs are made by the same process and have the same size.

What genetic properties does RNA have in common with DNA? In humans, what genetic properties does RNA lack?

In a normal prion, most of the folding pattern is ____________.

The covalent bond attaching two amino acids is called a ____________ bond.

Pre-mRNA is ____________________ and ____________________ before it becomes mRNA and moves to the cytoplasm.

Peptide bonds form between