Exam 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life.

__________ is the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure. Sociologist Robert Park coined this term to refer to persons (such as immigrants) who simultaneously share the life and traditions of two distinct groups.

__________ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies, where a few people control the labor of many, the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination among categories of people (for example, owner-worker and employer-employee).

In relation to stability and change in societies, describe sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies' Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft approach.

Statuses are distinguished by the manner in which we acquire them. A(n) __________ status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender.

Discuss the functional and conflict views on social institutions.

Explain what is meant by the sociology of emotions and describe sociologist Arlie Hochschild's contribution to this area of study.

Although thousands of new students arrive on college campuses each year to occupy the __________ of first-year student, the position of being a college student and the expectations attached have remained relatively unchanged for the past century.

A carpenter (employee) hired to remodel a kitchen is not expected to sit down uninvited and join the family (employer) for dinner. This is an example of a __________.

__________ is/are the process(es) by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society.

__________ gives us the ability to interpret the social situations we encounter. For example, we expect our families to care for us, our schools to educate us, and our police to protect us.

From the __________ perspective, U. S. government policies in urban areas have benefited some people but exacerbated the problems of others. Urban renewal and transportation projects have caused the destruction of low-cost housing and put large numbers of people "on the street."

All of the following are examples of __________: the family, religion, education, the economy, the government (politics), mass media, sports, science and medicine, and the military.

The transfer of information between persons without the use of words is referred to as __________. It includes not only visual cues (gestures, appearances) but also vocal features (inflection, volume, pitch) and environmental factors (use of space, position) that affect meanings.

Discuss the various aspects of roles as a component of social structure.

We act on reality as we see it. Sociologists describe this process as the __________, meaning that we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly.

When __________ occurs, we may feel pulled in different directions. We may prioritize our roles and first complete the one we consider to be most important. Or we may compartmentalize our lives and "insulate" our various roles.

Social interaction is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society.

Historically for men, occupation has usually been the most common __________. Occupation provides important clues to a person's educational level, income, and family background.

Occupying the status of a college student means that one's behavior will include attending class, completing assignments, and devoting a lot of time to personal enrichment through academic study. This behavior is referred to as a __________.

__________, or cohesion, refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles. It exists when social bonds, attractions, or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time.