Exam 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life.

A role is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status. Role performance always matches role expectations.

__________ occurs when people consciously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance.

A __________ is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties, and it exists independently of the specific people occupying them.

__________ is the complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy, politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior.

The symbolic interactionist perspective uses the macrosociological approach to study the homeless. In doing so, it might analyze how social institutions have operated to produce current conditions.

Married women may experience more __________ than married men because of work overload, marital inequality with their spouse, exclusive parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support.

__________ is essential for the survival of society and for the well-being of individuals Because it provides a social web of familial support and social relationships that Connects each of us to the larger society.

According to sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies, the __________ is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values.

A(n) __________ is a false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true.

Schools, churches, and corporations are examples of __________ groups.

Sociologist Erving Goffman noted that people consciously participate in __________, a face-saving technique in which one role player ignores the flaws in another's performance to avoid embarrassment for everyone involved.

Newly homeless individuals may feel disoriented because they do not know how to function in their new setting. Social interaction helps people make sense out of their environment even when they find themselves on the streets.

Sociologists Emile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tonnies developed __________ to explain the processes of stability and change in the social structure of societies. These classification schemes contain two or more mutually exclusive categories that are used to compare different kinds of behavior or types of societies.

According to sociologist Everett Hughes, a(n) __________ status is the most important status a person occupies; it dominates all of the individual's other statuses and is the overriding ingredient in determining a person's general social position.

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild suggests that we acquire a set of __________ that shape the appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation, including how, where, when, and with whom an emotion should be expressed.

Our perceptions about the meaning of a situation vary widely based on the statuses we occupy and our unique personal experiences. In her study of women's reactions to street encounters, sociologist Carol Brooks Gardner determined that women __________.

Based on sociologist Erving Goffman's perspectives, __________ is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation.

Suppose that a person is told repeatedly that she or he is not a good student. Eventually, this person might come to believe it to be true, stop studying, and receive failing grades. This scenario exemplifies a __________.

The mass media is an example of a(n) _______ institution.

A CEO occupies various statuses including that of an African American, father, husband, tennis player and CEO. He considers his status as a CEO to be the most important. His status as CEO is considered his master status.