Chat with AIExam 8: Positive Punishment
Whenever you have a punishment contingency, there must also be a reinforcement contingency.
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Please discuss the myth of the ineffectiveness of punishment.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe myth of the ineffectiveness of punishment is a common belief that suggests that punishing individuals for their actions does not effectively deter future wrongdoing or change behavior. This myth is often perpetuated by those who argue for more lenient or rehabilitative approaches to addressing criminal behavior.
However, research and evidence suggest that punishment can be an effective deterrent and can lead to behavior change. Punishment serves as a consequence for negative actions, and when applied consistently and fairly, it can help individuals understand the seriousness of their actions and encourage them to make better choices in the future.
Furthermore, punishment can also serve as a form of justice for victims and society as a whole. It sends a message that certain behaviors are not acceptable and will be met with consequences. This can help maintain social order and prevent further harm.
It is important to note that punishment alone may not always be sufficient to address underlying issues that contribute to criminal behavior. Rehabilitation and support services are also important in helping individuals make positive changes. However, the myth of the ineffectiveness of punishment overlooks the role it can play in deterring wrongdoing and promoting accountability.
Give a brief example of each of the following
-The sick social cycle (victim's punishment model)
(34) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe sick social cycle, also known as the victim's punishment model, is a concept in psychology that describes a pattern of interaction between individuals, often within an abusive relationship. This cycle involves a perpetrator inflicting some form of abuse or punishment on a victim, who then responds in a way that justifies the perpetrator's abusive behavior, thus perpetuating the cycle.
Here is a brief example of the sick social cycle:
Imagine a couple, Alex and Jordan. Alex has a tendency to become verbally abusive when feeling stressed or insecure. One evening, Alex comes home from work feeling particularly on edge and starts criticizing Jordan harshly for not having dinner ready on time. Jordan, feeling hurt and wanting to avoid further conflict, apologizes and quickly tries to finish cooking dinner.
In this scenario, Alex is the perpetrator, and the verbal abuse is the punishment inflicted on Jordan, the victim. Jordan's response—apologizing and hurrying to meet Alex's demands—may inadvertently reinforce Alex's abusive behavior. From Alex's perspective, the criticism led to the desired outcome (dinner being made quickly), which could make Alex more likely to resort to criticism again in the future when feeling the need to assert control or when expectations are not met.
This cycle can continue and escalate over time, with the victim often feeling trapped and powerless to break the pattern. The victim's responses are shaped by the need to avoid conflict or further punishment, but these responses can be misinterpreted by the perpetrator as acceptance or even approval of the abusive behavior, thus maintaining the cycle. Breaking this cycle often requires intervention, such as counseling or support from friends, family, or professionals.
In the clenched-fist punishment contingency, to reduce Sid's eye rubbing behavior, what was the condition before the eye rub?
(30) Give a brief example of each of the following
-Positive punishment contingency (punishment)
(34) Define the following concepts:
-The sick social cycle (victim's punishment model)
(37) Fill in the Blank
-Punisher (aversive stimulus).
A stimulus
that decreases the future frequency of a response that
it's _____________________ follows
(34) Diagram the use of a positive punishment contingency to reduce aggression.
When the professor hops up from the cracked toilet seat, he is pinched on his rear. So now he is much less likely to hop up so quickly because of what contingency?
(30) Fill in the Blank
-Positive punishment contingency
The response-contingent
_______________________ of
an ____________________ condition
resulting in a ___________________ frequency of that response.
(28) Using the skinner box, compare and contrast positive punishment and negative reinforcement.
(33) Describe the use of a positive punishment contingency to prevent self-injurious behavior.
What was the intervention,
and what were the results?
(39) Match the number to the words that should go in the corresponding box to fill in the contingency diagram for the behavioral intervention using punishment (the ice cube contingency) to reduce bruxism (i.e., tooth grinding) for Velma and Gerri.
-No ice on face
-No ice on face
(45) Match the following definitions with the terms below. (Not all of the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-___ Overcorrection
(27) Describe the use of a punishment contingency to get rid of regurgitation.
What was the intervention,
and what were the results?
(39) PoB suggests that positive punishment is ineffective because you must continue to use the punishment contingency, in order to keep the punished behavior suppressed, otherwise, it will recover.
(30) Diagram the positive punishment contingency for getting rid of a habitual behavior.
If the physical stress (intensity) of a punisher increases gradually from response to response, we will continue to make the responses that produce that presumed punisher to very high levels of intensity of that presumed punisher.
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