Question 1

Pigeons CANNOT work on a ratio of much more than 20 or 30.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Define the following terms:
-Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement is a type of operant conditioning schedule where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses have been made. This means that reinforcement is delivered after a constant, or "fixed," number of correct responses. The "ratio" refers to the number of responses required to receive a reward or reinforcement.

For example, in an FR-5 schedule, reinforcement is given after every fifth correct response. This could be in the form of food for an animal subject after it presses a lever five times, or a worker receiving a bonus after selling a certain number of products.

Fixed-ratio schedules tend to produce a high rate of responding because the reinforcement is directly contingent on the number of responses. However, this high rate of responding is often followed by a brief pause after reinforcement (known as a post-reinforcement pause), especially with higher ratio requirements. The subject will typically pause after receiving the reinforcement and then resume responding at a high rate until the next reinforcement is delivered.

Fixed-ratio schedules are commonly used in various settings, including behavior modification programs, classrooms, and workplaces, to encourage consistent and productive behavior.

Question 3

Counting IS a requirement for fixed ratio responding, i.e., for Rudolph Rat to respond correctly on an FR 10, he must be able to count his 10 responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Fill in the Blank
-Fixed-ratio pattern of responding
$\bullet$After a response is ____________________________,
$\bullet$no responding occurs for a period of time,
$\bullet$then responding occurs at a _____________________, steady rate
$\bullet$until the next _____________________________ is delivered.

Accepted Answer

After a response is reinforced

Question 5

Continuous reinforcement-Give an everyday example.

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement is a type of le

Question 6

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
-____ Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Accepted Answer

A) After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
B) The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. 
C) These schedules produce a high rate of responding, with almost no post reinforcement pausing. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
D) A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses. 
E) Reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in a while.
F)A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses. 
G)A reinforcer follows each response. 
A) After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
B) The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. 
C) These schedules produce a high rate of responding, with almost no post reinforcement pausing. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
D) A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses. 
E) Reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in a while.
F)A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses. 
G)A reinforcer follows each response.

Question 7

Define the following terms:
-Fixed-ratio pattern of responding

Accepted Answer

The term "fixed-ratio pattern of respond

Question 8

For each of the following concepts, provide a good example from the book, from your own life, or from your creative imagination..
-Schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Schedule of reinforcement refers to the

Question 9

Define the following terms:
-Intermittent reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Intermittent reinforcement is a term use

Question 10

Fill in the Blank
-Schedule of reinforcement
$\bullet$The way reinforcement occurs
$\bullet$because of the ________________________ of responses,
$\bullet$_____________________ since reinforcement,
$\bullet$time between responses,
$\bullet$and stimulus ____________________________.

Accepted Answer

The way reinforcement occurs because of

Question 11

What's an example of
a. a free-operant procedure in the Skinner box?
b. a discrete-trial procedure in the Skinner box?
c. a discrete-trial procedure in the classroom?
d. a free-operant procedure in the classroom?
e. a free-operant procedure using discriminative stimuli?

Accepted Answer

a. An example of a free-operant procedur

Question 12

Define the following terms:
-Schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A schedule of reinforcement is a strateg

Question 13

According to the text, there are a few differences between typical gambling contingencies with a slot machine (one-armed bandit) and the usual variable-ratio schedules of the Skinner box, in the professional research laboratory:
-With the slot machine, the ratio to receive the reinforcer is much lower than what you could achieve in the Skinner box.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

For each of the following concepts, provide a good example from the book, from your own life, or from your creative imagination..
-Variable-ratio pattern of responding

Accepted Answer

Variable-ratio pattern of responding is

Question 15

For each of the following concepts, provide a good example from the book, from your own life, or from your creative imagination..
-Dependent variable

Accepted Answer

A dependent variable is a variable whose

Question 16

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
-____ Variable-ratio responding

Accepted Answer

A) After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
B) The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. 
C) These schedules produce a high rate of responding, with almost no post reinforcement pausing. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
D) A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses. 
E) Reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in a while.
F)A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses. 
G)A reinforcer follows each response. 
A) After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
B) The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. 
C) These schedules produce a high rate of responding, with almost no post reinforcement pausing. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
D) A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses. 
E) Reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in a while.
F)A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses. 
G)A reinforcer follows each response.

Question 17

What is a specific pellet of food for a deprived rat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcer 
B)  Reinforcement 
A)  Reinforcer 
B)  Reinforcement

Question 18

Intermittent reinforcement- Describe how it applies to the behavior of diving for coins.

Accepted Answer

Intermittent reinforcement is a concept

Question 19

Define the following terms:
-Variable-ratio (VR) schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A variable-ratio (VR) schedule of reinfo

Question 20

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
-____ Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
B) The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. 
C) These schedules produce a high rate of responding, with almost no post reinforcement pausing. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
D) A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses. 
E) Reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in a while.
F)A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses. 
G)A reinforcer follows each response. 
A) After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time, then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
B) The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, and stimulus conditions. 
C) These schedules produce a high rate of responding, with almost no post reinforcement pausing. (This is the responding, not a schedule.) 
D) A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a fixed number of responses. 
E) Reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer follows the response only once in a while.
F)A reinforcer is contingent on the last of a variable number of responses. 
G)A reinforcer follows each response.

Exam 20: Ratio Schedules

Pigeons CANNOT work on a ratio of much more than 20 or 30.

Define the following terms: -Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement

Counting IS a requirement for fixed ratio responding, i.e., for Rudolph Rat to respond correctly on an FR 10, he must be able to count his 10 responses.

Continuous reinforcement-Give an everyday example.

Please match the following definitions with the terms below. -____ Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Define the following terms: -Fixed-ratio pattern of responding

For each of the following concepts, provide a good example from the book, from your own life, or from your creative imagination.. -Schedule of reinforcement

Define the following terms: -Intermittent reinforcement

What's an example of a. a free-operant procedure in the Skinner box? b. a discrete-trial procedure in the Skinner box? c. a discrete-trial procedure in the classroom? d. a free-operant procedure in the classroom? e. a free-operant procedure using discriminative stimuli?

Define the following terms: -Schedule of reinforcement

For each of the following concepts, provide a good example from the book, from your own life, or from your creative imagination.. -Variable-ratio pattern of responding

For each of the following concepts, provide a good example from the book, from your own life, or from your creative imagination.. -Dependent variable

Please match the following definitions with the terms below. -____ Variable-ratio responding

What is a specific pellet of food for a deprived rat?

Intermittent reinforcement- Describe how it applies to the behavior of diving for coins.

Define the following terms: -Variable-ratio (VR) schedule of reinforcement

Please match the following definitions with the terms below. -____ Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement

Respondent Conditioning

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part I

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part II

Research Methods

The Philosophy Supporting Behavior Analysis

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Positive Punishment

Negative Punishment

Extinction and Recovery

Differential Reinforcement and Differential Punishment

Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers and Punishers

Motivating Operations

Basic Stimulus Control

Complex Stimulus Control

Imitation

Avoidance

Shaping

Behavioral Chains

Time-Based Schedules

Concurrent Contingences

Maintenance and Transfer

Verbal Behavior

Rule-Governed Behavior: Concepts and Applications

Rule-Governed Behavior: Theory

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