Question 1

In a negative reinforcement contingency, what kind of stimulus is in the before condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive reinforcer 
B)  A negative reinforcer 
C)  Nothing 
D)  A neutral stimulus 
A)  A positive reinforcer 
B)  A negative reinforcer 
C)  Nothing 
D)  A neutral stimulus B

Question 2

Give a brief example of each of the following
-Negative reinforcement contingency

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement is a type of operant conditioning, a concept in behavioral psychology that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood that a particular behavior will occur again in the future. It is important to note that negative reinforcement is not punishment; rather, it is a way of strengthening a desired behavior by taking away something undesirable when the behavior is performed.

Here is an example of a negative reinforcement contingency:

**Scenario: Studying to Avoid a Poor Grade**

Imagine a student who dislikes the stress and disappointment associated with getting poor grades. This student has an upcoming exam and knows that if they do not study, they will likely receive a bad grade, which would lead to feelings of stress and disappointment.

**Negative Reinforcement Contingency:**

- Antecedent: The student is aware that an exam is approaching.
- Behavior: The student decides to study diligently for the exam.
- Consequence: By studying, the student avoids the unpleasant outcome of receiving a poor grade, which would have caused stress and disappointment.
- Future Behavior: The removal of the negative outcome (stress and disappointment) reinforces the studying behavior, making it more likely that the student will study for future exams to avoid poor grades.

In this example, the negative reinforcement is the avoidance of the negative feelings associated with failing. The student's behavior of studying is reinforced through the removal of the unpleasant stimulus (the potential for a poor grade and the associated negative emotions). As a result, the student is more likely to repeat the studying behavior in the future to continue avoiding the negative outcome.

Question 3

Fill in the Blank
-The sick social cycle
$\bullet$In ____________
$\bullet$the perpetrator's ______________ behavior,
$\bullet$the victim unintentionally _____________
$\bullet$the ___________________ behavior

Accepted Answer

In the sick social cycle, the perpetrator's abusive behavior, the victim unintentionally reinforces the negative behavior.

Question 4

The electric shock stays on until the rat presses the lever, and then it goes off. As a result, the rat presses the lever every time the shock comes on. Which procedure is operating on the rat's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
E)  Avoidance
F) negative avoidance 
A)  punishment 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
E)  Avoidance
F) negative avoidance

Question 5

Define the following concepts:
-The sick social cycle (victim's negative reinforcement model)

Accepted Answer

The sick social cycle, also known as the

Question 6

Match the following definitions with the technical terms below. (Not all of the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-___ Negative reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A) An assessment of the contingencies responsible for problem behaviors. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) The response contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response. 
D) In escaping the perpetrator’s aversive behavior, the victim unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior. 
A) An assessment of the contingencies responsible for problem behaviors. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) The response contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response. 
D) In escaping the perpetrator’s aversive behavior, the victim unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following contingencies are involved in the sick social cycle (victim's escape model)?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  A & B 
E)  B & C 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  A & B 
E)  B & C

Question 8

Please diagram two negative reinforcement contingencies, either from the book or original:
$\bullet$One reinforcing a child's disrupting.
   
$\bullet$And one reinforcing a behavior technician's coping out.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please diagram two negative reinforcement contingencies, either...

Question 9

Grace's disruptive swearing was maintained by which type of contingency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative punishment 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Positive reinforcement 
A)  Negative punishment 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Positive reinforcement

Question 10

Define the following concepts:
-Negative reinforcement contingency

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement contingency refer

Question 11

Give an example of
$\bullet$A negative reinforcer harmful to you.
$\bullet$A harmful stimulus that is not a negative reinforcer.
$\bullet$A negative reinforcer that is not harmful.

Accepted Answer

A negative reinforcer is something that,

Question 12

Define the following concepts:
-Negative reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A negative reinforcer refers to a stimul

Question 13

The following contingency is an example of.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
E)  Avoidance
F) negative avoidance 
A)  punishment 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
E)  Avoidance
F) negative avoidance

Question 14

The terminology Dumbass Award is so offensive that it should be removed from PoB 9e.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What strategy can one use to identify the contingencies responsible for problem behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  Functional assessment 
B)  Respondent conditioning 
C)  Behavioral skills training 
D)  Pairing 
E)  Psychoanalysis 
A)  Functional assessment 
B)  Respondent conditioning 
C)  Behavioral skills training 
D)  Pairing 
E)  Psychoanalysis

Question 16

Each time Jimmy would swipe procedure materials off the table, Sue would let him work on an easier task. What is going to happen to the frequency of Jimmy's swiping behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase 
B)  Decrease 
C)  Stay the same 
A)  Increase 
B)  Decrease 
C)  Stay the same

Question 17

In order to decrease escape behavior, some have tried decreasing the aversiveness of the negative reinforcer. But that's a mistake, because that intervention simply reinforces the escape behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Fill in the Blank
-Functional Assessment
$\bullet$An assessment
$\bullet$of the _______________responsible for
$\bullet$____________ behaviors.

Accepted Answer

An assessment of the

Question 19

Match the following definitions with the technical terms below. (Not all of the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.)
-___ The sick social cycle

Accepted Answer

A) An assessment of the contingencies responsible for problem behaviors. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) The response contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response. 
D) In escaping the perpetrator’s aversive behavior, the victim unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior. 
A) An assessment of the contingencies responsible for problem behaviors. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) The response contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response. 
D) In escaping the perpetrator’s aversive behavior, the victim unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior.

Question 20

Fill in the Blank
-Negative Reinforcement Contingency
$\bullet$The response-contingent
$\bullet$____________ of
$\bullet$an ______________ stimulus
$\bullet$resulting in an ______________ frequency of that response.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement involves the remo

Exam 7: Negative Reinforcement

In a negative reinforcement contingency, what kind of stimulus is in the before condition?

Give a brief example of each of the following -Negative reinforcement contingency

Fill in the Blank -The sick social cycle ∙\bullet∙ In ____________ ∙\bullet∙ the perpetrator's ______________ behavior, ∙\bullet∙ the victim unintentionally _____________ ∙\bullet∙ the ___________________ behavior

The electric shock stays on until the rat presses the lever, and then it goes off. As a result, the rat presses the lever every time the shock comes on. Which procedure is operating on the rat's behavior?

Define the following concepts: -The sick social cycle (victim's negative reinforcement model)

Match the following definitions with the technical terms below. (Not all of the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.) -___ Negative reinforcer

Which of the following contingencies are involved in the sick social cycle (victim's escape model)?

Please diagram two negative reinforcement contingencies, either from the book or original: ∙\bullet∙ One reinforcing a child's disrupting. ∙\bullet∙ And one reinforcing a behavior technician's coping out.

Grace's disruptive swearing was maintained by which type of contingency?

Define the following concepts: -Negative reinforcement contingency

Give an example of ∙\bullet∙ A negative reinforcer harmful to you. ∙\bullet∙ A harmful stimulus that is not a negative reinforcer. ∙\bullet∙ A negative reinforcer that is not harmful.

Define the following concepts: -Negative reinforcer

The following contingency is an example of.

The terminology Dumbass Award is so offensive that it should be removed from PoB 9e.

What strategy can one use to identify the contingencies responsible for problem behavior

Each time Jimmy would swipe procedure materials off the table, Sue would let him work on an easier task. What is going to happen to the frequency of Jimmy's swiping behavior?

In order to decrease escape behavior, some have tried decreasing the aversiveness of the negative reinforcer. But that's a mistake, because that intervention simply reinforces the escape behavior.

Fill in the Blank -Functional Assessment ∙\bullet∙ An assessment ∙\bullet∙ of the _______________responsible for ∙\bullet∙ ____________ behaviors.

Match the following definitions with the technical terms below. (Not all of the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.) -___ The sick social cycle

Fill in the Blank -Negative Reinforcement Contingency ∙\bullet∙ The response-contingent ∙\bullet∙ ____________ of ∙\bullet∙ an ______________ stimulus ∙\bullet∙ resulting in an ______________ frequency of that response.

Respondent Conditioning

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part I

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part II

Research Methods

The Philosophy Supporting Behavior Analysis

Positive Reinforcement

Positive Punishment

Negative Punishment

Extinction and Recovery

Differential Reinforcement and Differential Punishment

Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers and Punishers

Motivating Operations

Basic Stimulus Control

Complex Stimulus Control

Imitation

Avoidance

Shaping

Behavioral Chains

Ratio Schedules

Time-Based Schedules

Concurrent Contingences

Maintenance and Transfer

Verbal Behavior

Rule-Governed Behavior: Concepts and Applications

Rule-Governed Behavior: Theory

Filters

Fill in the Blank -The sick social cycle $\bullet$ In ____ $\bullet$ the perpetrator's behavior, $\bullet$ the victim unintentionally _ $\bullet$ the _____________ behavior

Give an example of $\bullet$ A negative reinforcer harmful to you. $\bullet$ A harmful stimulus that is not a negative reinforcer. $\bullet$ A negative reinforcer that is not harmful.

Fill in the Blank -Functional Assessment $\bullet$ An assessment $\bullet$ of the ___responsible for $\bullet$ behaviors.

Fill in the Blank -Negative Reinforcement Contingency $\bullet$ The response-contingent $\bullet$ of $\bullet$ an stimulus $\bullet$ resulting in an ____ frequency of that response.