Question 1

To reduce the frequency of Lucille's disruptive behavior in the hospital, Allyon and Michael used

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive Reinforcement 
B)  Negative Reinforcement 
C)  Positive Punishment 
D)  Negative Punishment 
E)  Cognitive behavior therapy
F) Extinction 
A)  Positive Reinforcement 
B)  Negative Reinforcement 
C)  Positive Punishment 
D)  Negative Punishment 
E)  Cognitive behavior therapy
F) Extinction F

Question 2

Define the following concepts:
-Punisher

Accepted Answer

The term "Punisher" can refer to several concepts, but it is most commonly associated with the following:

1. **The Punisher (Marvel Character)**: The Punisher is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Gerry Conway and artists John Romita Sr. and Ross Andru, with publisher Stan Lee green-lighting the name. The Punisher made his first appearance in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #129 in 1974.

The Punisher's real name is Frank Castle (originally Frank Castiglione). He is a vigilante who employs murder, kidnapping, extortion, coercion, threats of violence, and torture in his war on crime. Driven by the deaths of his wife and two children, who were killed by the mob for witnessing a killing in New York City's Central Park, the Punisher wages a one-man war on crime while employing the use of various firearms. His body is adorned with a distinctive skull symbol which has become his trademark. Unlike most superheroes, who have a no-kill policy, the Punisher is willing to use lethal force, which makes him a controversial figure in the superhero community.

2. **Punisher in General Terms**: Outside of the Marvel character, the term "punisher" can also refer to a person or thing that punishes. In this context, a punisher could be an individual who administers punishment, such as a disciplinarian, a judge, or an enforcer of rules or laws. It could also refer to a device or mechanism designed to deliver punishment, such as a tool used for corporal punishment.

3. **Punisher in Psychology**: In behavioral psychology, a punisher is any stimulus or event that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. This is in line with the concept of punishment in operant conditioning, where behaviors are influenced by their consequences. A punisher, in this sense, is the opposite of a reinforcer, which increases the likelihood of a behavior.

When referring to the "Punisher," it is important to consider the context to determine which of these definitions is most relevant. In popular culture, however, the term is most strongly associated with the Marvel Comics character.

Question 3

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Negative punishment contingency

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment contingency is a concept in behavior analysis where a certain behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.

For example, if a child is throwing a tantrum and their parent takes away their favorite toy as a consequence, the removal of the toy serves as a negative punishment contingency. This is because the behavior of throwing a tantrum is followed by the removal of the toy, which decreases the likelihood of the child throwing a tantrum in the future.

Question 4

Fill in the Blank
-Positive punishment contingency
$\bullet$Response-contingent
$\bullet$_____________________ of
$\bullet$a punisher
$\bullet$resulting in a ___________________ frequency of that response.

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment contingenc

Question 5

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-Negative reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A) Response-contingent presentation of a punisher resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) A stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows. 
D) Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease. 
E) Response-contingent removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response.
F)The response-contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.
G)The occasion for a response, the response, and the outcome of the response.
H)A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a response that its presentation follows.
I)The response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response. 
A) Response-contingent presentation of a punisher resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) A stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows. 
D) Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease. 
E) Response-contingent removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response.
F)The response-contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.
G)The occasion for a response, the response, and the outcome of the response.
H)A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a response that its presentation follows.
I)The response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.

Question 6

Match the following examples with the contingencies below (not all contingencies will be used).
-positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) Ice cube presented contingent on teeth grinding for Velma and Gerri 
B) Dr. Yealland removing the shock when the soldier moved his leg 
C) The nurses not giving Lucille attention when she came into their office 
D) Giving Rod attention when he cried 
A) Ice cube presented contingent on teeth grinding for Velma and Gerri 
B) Dr. Yealland removing the shock when the soldier moved his leg 
C) The nurses not giving Lucille attention when she came into their office 
D) Giving Rod attention when he cried

Question 7

Define the following concepts:
-Positive reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus whic

Question 8

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Punisher

Accepted Answer

A brief example of the concept of "punis

Question 9

A positive reinforcer can affect the behavior of both children and adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-Negative punishment contingency

Accepted Answer

A) Response-contingent presentation of a punisher resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) A stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows. 
D) Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease. 
E) Response-contingent removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response.
F)The response-contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.
G)The occasion for a response, the response, and the outcome of the response.
H)A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a response that its presentation follows.
I)The response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response. 
A) Response-contingent presentation of a punisher resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. 
B) A stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response that its removal (termination) follows. 
C) A stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows. 
D) Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease. 
E) Response-contingent removal of a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response.
F)The response-contingent removal of a negative reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.
G)The occasion for a response, the response, and the outcome of the response.
H)A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a response that its presentation follows.
I)The response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.

Question 11

Define the following concepts:
-Negative punishment contingency

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment, also known as punis

Question 12

Dr. Yealland shocked the soldier and removed the shock when the soldier moved his leg. What was the shock, in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive Reinforcer 
B)  Negative Reinforcer 
C)  Positive Punisher 
D)  Negative Punisher 
A)  Positive Reinforcer 
B)  Negative Reinforcer 
C)  Positive Punisher 
D)  Negative Punisher

Question 13

Fill in the Blank
-Positive reinforcer
$\bullet$A stimulus
$\bullet$that _____________________
$\bullet$the frequency
$\bullet$of a response it follows.

Accepted Answer

A positive reinforce

Question 14

Describe the use of extinction to reduce disruptive behavior. Include:
a. the client.
b. the reinforcer withheld.
c. the results

Accepted Answer

The use of extinction to reduce disrupti

Question 15

Define the following concepts:
-Positive punishment contingency

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment is a concept in beha

Question 16

What's BCBA stand for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Board Certified Behavior Analyst 
B)  Board Confirmed Better Actionist 
C)  Best Credentialed Better Attitude 
D)  Biological Concerns Best All 
A)  Board Certified Behavior Analyst 
B)  Board Confirmed Better Actionist 
C)  Best Credentialed Better Attitude 
D)  Biological Concerns Best All

Question 17

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Positive punishment contingency

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment is a concept from op

Question 18

The presentation of an ice cube for a few seconds on the face of Velma or Gerri was in response to teeth grinding. What type of contingency was this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive Reinforcement 
B)  Negative Reinforcement 
C)  Positive Punishment 
D)  Negative Punishment 
A)  Positive Reinforcement 
B)  Negative Reinforcement 
C)  Positive Punishment 
D)  Negative Punishment

Question 19

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts:
-Positive reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus whic

Question 20

Fill in the Blank
-Negative reinforcement contingency
$\bullet$The response-contingent
$\bullet$____________________ of
$\bullet$a negative reinforcer
$\bullet$resulting in an ______________________ frequency of that response.

Accepted Answer

The response-contingent remova

Exam 2: Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part I

To reduce the frequency of Lucille's disruptive behavior in the hospital, Allyon and Michael used

Define the following concepts: -Punisher

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Negative punishment contingency

Fill in the Blank -Positive punishment contingency ∙\bullet∙ Response-contingent ∙\bullet∙ _____________________ of ∙\bullet∙ a punisher ∙\bullet∙ resulting in a ___________________ frequency of that response.

Match the following definitions with the terms below. -Negative reinforcer

Match the following examples with the contingencies below (not all contingencies will be used). -positive reinforcement

Define the following concepts: -Positive reinforcer

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Punisher

A positive reinforcer can affect the behavior of both children and adults.

Match the following definitions with the terms below. -Negative punishment contingency

Define the following concepts: -Negative punishment contingency

Dr. Yealland shocked the soldier and removed the shock when the soldier moved his leg. What was the shock, in this example?

Fill in the Blank -Positive reinforcer ∙\bullet∙ A stimulus ∙\bullet∙ that _____________________ ∙\bullet∙ the frequency ∙\bullet∙ of a response it follows.

Describe the use of extinction to reduce disruptive behavior. Include: a. the client. b. the reinforcer withheld. c. the results

Define the following concepts: -Positive punishment contingency

What's BCBA stand for?

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Positive punishment contingency

The presentation of an ice cube for a few seconds on the face of Velma or Gerri was in response to teeth grinding. What type of contingency was this?

Give a brief example of each of the following concepts: -Positive reinforcer

Fill in the Blank -Negative reinforcement contingency ∙\bullet∙ The response-contingent ∙\bullet∙ ____________________ of ∙\bullet∙ a negative reinforcer ∙\bullet∙ resulting in an ______________________ frequency of that response.

Respondent Conditioning

Operant Conditioning for Dummies Part II

Research Methods

The Philosophy Supporting Behavior Analysis

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Positive Punishment

Negative Punishment

Extinction and Recovery

Differential Reinforcement and Differential Punishment

Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers and Punishers

Motivating Operations

Basic Stimulus Control

Complex Stimulus Control

Imitation

Avoidance

Shaping

Behavioral Chains

Ratio Schedules

Time-Based Schedules

Concurrent Contingences

Maintenance and Transfer

Verbal Behavior

Rule-Governed Behavior: Concepts and Applications

Rule-Governed Behavior: Theory

Filters

Fill in the Blank -Positive punishment contingency $\bullet$ Response-contingent $\bullet$ ___ of $\bullet$ a punisher $\bullet$ resulting in a _ frequency of that response.

Fill in the Blank -Positive reinforcer $\bullet$ A stimulus $\bullet$ that _____________________ $\bullet$ the frequency $\bullet$ of a response it follows.

Fill in the Blank -Negative reinforcement contingency $\bullet$ The response-contingent $\bullet$ of $\bullet$ a negative reinforcer $\bullet$ resulting in an __ frequency of that response.