Exam 21: Time-Based Schedules

Correct Answer:

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The variable-interval 2-minute schedule of reinforcement (VI 2') is a type of operant conditioning schedule in which a reinforcement is delivered after an average amount of time has passed, but the actual time at which the reinforcement is delivered varies. In this case, the average time between reinforcements is 2 minutes, but the actual time can vary from reinforcement to reinforcement.

The procedure for a VI 2' schedule involves setting a timer for 2 minutes and then delivering a reinforcement (such as food or praise) to the subject when the timer goes off. After the reinforcement is delivered, the timer is reset and the process begins again. The key aspect of this schedule is that the subject cannot predict exactly when the reinforcement will be delivered, as it varies around the 2-minute average.

The behavioral results of a VI 2' schedule typically show a steady rate of responding from the subject. Because the reinforcement is not tied to a specific behavior or time interval, the subject is likely to engage in the desired behavior consistently in the hopes of receiving the reinforcement. This schedule also tends to produce a moderate and steady rate of responding, as the subject knows that the reinforcement will come eventually, but cannot predict exactly when.

Overall, the VI 2' schedule of reinforcement is effective in maintaining a consistent level of behavior and can be useful in shaping and maintaining desired behaviors in both human and animal subjects.