Exam 19: Behavioral Chains

Correct Answer:

Answered by Examlex AI Copilot

In the book "Behavior Analysis and Learning" by W. David Pierce and Carl D. Cheney, an example of total-task presentation can be seen in the context of teaching a child with autism to tie their shoes. In this example, the total-task presentation involves teaching the child all the steps of tying their shoes at once, rather than breaking it down into smaller, more manageable tasks. The response classes in this example would include the specific motor movements and cognitive processes involved in tying shoes. The reinforcement contingencies would involve providing praise, attention, or tangible rewards for successfully completing the task. The presumed reinforcers could be the sense of accomplishment, praise from others, or access to a preferred activity. The results of using total-task presentation in this example could be that the child learns to tie their shoes more quickly and efficiently, and gains confidence in their ability to complete the task. An interesting feature of this intervention is that it may be more effective for some individuals with autism who have difficulty with task analysis and sequencing.

Correct Answer:

Answered by Examlex AI Copilot

Dual-functioning chained stimuli refer to a type of stimulus that serves two functions in a behavioral chain. In other words, the same stimulus serves as both a discriminative stimulus for one behavior and a reinforcing stimulus for the previous behavior in the chain.

An example of dual-functioning chained stimuli can be seen in the training of a service dog. For instance, when a service dog is being trained to assist a person with a disability, the sound of a doorbell can serve as a discriminative stimulus for the dog to go to the door and open it. Once the dog has successfully opened the door, the act of opening the door itself can serve as a reinforcing stimulus for the previous behavior of going to the door in response to the doorbell.

Here are a few links for further reading on dual-functioning chained stimuli:
1. "Dual-Functioning Chained Stimuli in Behavior Analysis" - This article provides a detailed explanation of dual-functioning chained stimuli and their role in behavior analysis.
2. "Behavior Chain" - This resource explains the concept of behavior chains and how stimuli can be linked in a chain to produce a specific sequence of behaviors.
3. "Service Dog Training" - This website offers information on the training of service dogs and how stimuli are used to shape their behavior in performing specific tasks.