Question 1

In order to slow generation of product from a particular biochemical pathway within a cell, the intermediates formed by that pathway

Accepted Answer

A)  are removed from the cell more quickly. 
B)  accumulate inside the cell. 
C)  are rapidly converted into. 
D)  become toxic to the cell. 
A)  are removed from the cell more quickly. 
B)  accumulate inside the cell. 
C)  are rapidly converted into. 
D)  become toxic to the cell.

Question 2

The template strand of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is not involved in mRNA synthesis. 
B)  serves as a guide for mRNA synthesis. 
C)  includes the base uracil. 
D)  is alternatively spliced to generate the exon. 
A)  is not involved in mRNA synthesis. 
B)  serves as a guide for mRNA synthesis. 
C)  includes the base uracil. 
D)  is alternatively spliced to generate the exon.

Question 3

Vitamins are precursors for ________.Name two vitamins that are required for metabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

coenzymes
Vitamins required fo

Question 4

mRNA is created in a process called ________.It then leaves the ________ and enters the cytosol to direct ________, the assembly of amino acids into protein.

Accepted Answer

transcript

Question 5

The electron transport system is located in the ________ and includes enzymes and iron-containing proteins known as ________.

Accepted Answer

inner mito

Question 6

A chemical reaction that can proceed in both directions is called a ________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical reaction that can proceed in...

Question 7

Carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid.The change in pH as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a particular pH.Following this lab in which the color of the solution was observed to change, one lab group forgot to dump the beakers at the end of the lab period.The next day would you expect the beakers to look the same as they did after being bubbled with CO₂? If not, explain in terms of reversible reactions and equilibrium disturbance.

Accepted Answer

The next day, the solutions had changed

Question 8

Briefly describe oxidation-reduction reactions.What does it mean for a molecule to be reduced or oxidized? Identify and explain the mnemonic device provided in the text for oxidation and reduction reactions.See if you can make one up yourself.

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction reactions occur when

Question 9

Chemical reactions that require an input of energy are said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemical reactions that require an input of...

Question 10

Once the promoter region of a gene is activated, ________ unwinds the DNA of the downstream gene and begins the process of ________.What is the molecule generated by this process? How does the cell control the amount of this molecule released from the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase, transcription
The RNA po

Question 11

Enzymes are often useful as diagnostic tools.How?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes destroy pathogenic bacteria so blood levels of bacteria decline. 
B)  Enzymes destroy damaged cells so X-rays reveal smaller body organs. 
C)  Damaged cells release enzymes into the blood that can be detected. 
D)  The liver releases enzymes that accumulate in the urine. 
A)  Enzymes destroy pathogenic bacteria so blood levels of bacteria decline. 
B)  Enzymes destroy damaged cells so X-rays reveal smaller body organs. 
C)  Damaged cells release enzymes into the blood that can be detected. 
D)  The liver releases enzymes that accumulate in the urine.

Question 12

When energy is released during catabolism, it is temporarily trapped in high energy bonds or electrons of certain compounds.Which of the following is NOT associated with carrying energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  DNA 
C)  NADH 
D)  FADH₂ 
E)  NADPH 
A)  ATP 
B)  DNA 
C)  NADH 
D)  FADH₂ 
E)  NADPH

Question 13

Increasing ________ will decrease the amount of mRNA transcript within a cell for a constitutively active gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribonuclease activity only 
B)  RNA polymerase activity only 
C)  siRNA concentration only 
D)  ribonuclease activity and siRNA concentration only 
E)  ribonuclease activity, RNA polymerase activity and siRNA concentration 
A)  ribonuclease activity only 
B)  RNA polymerase activity only 
C)  siRNA concentration only 
D)  ribonuclease activity and siRNA concentration only 
E)  ribonuclease activity, RNA polymerase activity and siRNA concentration

Question 14

Energy is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  doing tasks that make you tired. 
B)  the capacity to do work. 
C)  the light and heat from the sun. 
D)  using glucose to synthesize ATP. 
A)  doing tasks that make you tired. 
B)  the capacity to do work. 
C)  the light and heat from the sun. 
D)  using glucose to synthesize ATP.

Question 15

The protein in the mitochondria that captures the kinetic energy of moving H⁺ ions and converts it to the stored energy of ATP is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP synthase. 
B)  lactate dehydrogenase. 
C)  oxidative phosphorylase. 
D)  glucokinase. 
A)  ATP synthase. 
B)  lactate dehydrogenase. 
C)  oxidative phosphorylase. 
D)  glucokinase.

Question 16

Regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to ________ and activate ________, which tells the RNA polymerase ________.

Accepted Answer

DNA, promo

Question 17

In the reaction shown, identify the role of each of the participants.
CO₂ + H₂O   H₂CO₃
-CO₂ + H₂O

Accepted Answer

A) enzyme 
B) substrate(s) 
C) product(s) 
A) enzyme 
B) substrate(s) 
C) product(s)

Question 18

In the absence of a signal sequence, a newly synthesized protein localizes to the

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  cytoplasm. 
C)  peroxisome. 
D)  nucleus. 
E)  plasma membrane. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  cytoplasm. 
C)  peroxisome. 
D)  nucleus. 
E)  plasma membrane.

Question 19

The enzymes that synthesize mRNA from the start codon are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ribonucleases. 
B)  RNA polymerases. 
C)  DNA polymerases. 
D)  ATP synthases. 
E)  lactate dehydrogenases. 
A)  ribonucleases. 
B)  RNA polymerases. 
C)  DNA polymerases. 
D)  ATP synthases. 
E)  lactate dehydrogenases.

Question 20

Match the specific enzyme to its class.
-kinase

Accepted Answer

A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase 
A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase

Exam 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism

In order to slow generation of product from a particular biochemical pathway within a cell, the intermediates formed by that pathway

The template strand of DNA

Vitamins are precursors for ________.Name two vitamins that are required for metabolic reactions.

mRNA is created in a process called ________.It then leaves the ________ and enters the cytosol to direct ________, the assembly of amino acids into protein.

The electron transport system is located in the ________ and includes enzymes and iron-containing proteins known as ________.

A chemical reaction that can proceed in both directions is called a ________ reaction.

Briefly describe oxidation-reduction reactions.What does it mean for a molecule to be reduced or oxidized? Identify and explain the mnemonic device provided in the text for oxidation and reduction reactions.See if you can make one up yourself.

Chemical reactions that require an input of energy are said to be ________.

Once the promoter region of a gene is activated, ________ unwinds the DNA of the downstream gene and begins the process of ________.What is the molecule generated by this process? How does the cell control the amount of this molecule released from the nucleus?

Enzymes are often useful as diagnostic tools.How?

When energy is released during catabolism, it is temporarily trapped in high energy bonds or electrons of certain compounds.Which of the following is NOT associated with carrying energy?

Increasing ________ will decrease the amount of mRNA transcript within a cell for a constitutively active gene.

Energy is defined as

The protein in the mitochondria that captures the kinetic energy of moving H⁺ ions and converts it to the stored energy of ATP is called

Regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to ________ and activate ________, which tells the RNA polymerase ________.

In the reaction shown, identify the role of each of the participants. CO₂ + H₂O H₂CO₃ -CO₂ + H₂O

In the absence of a signal sequence, a newly synthesized protein localizes to the

The enzymes that synthesize mRNA from the start codon are called

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -kinase

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

mRNA is created in a process called .It then leaves the and enters the cytosol to direct , the assembly of amino acids into protein.

The electron transport system is located in the and includes enzymes and iron-containing proteins known as .

Once the promoter region of a gene is activated, unwinds the DNA of the downstream gene and begins the process of .What is the molecule generated by this process? How does the cell control the amount of this molecule released from the nucleus?

Regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to and activate , which tells the RNA polymerase .