Question 1

Enzymes increase reaction rate by

Accepted Answer

A)  lowering the activation energy of a reaction. 
B)  increasing the free energy in the products. 
C)  raising the activation energy of a reaction. 
D)  converting an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction. 
A)  lowering the activation energy of a reaction. 
B)  increasing the free energy in the products. 
C)  raising the activation energy of a reaction. 
D)  converting an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

Question 2

The ________ is the portion of the mRNA that contains the coding sequence of the gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the portion of the...

Question 3

What is chemiosmotic theory? What is its role in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmotic theory is a model that expl

Question 4

What is the potential yield of ATP molecules for each FADH₂ molecule entering the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  1.5 
C)  2 
D)  2.5 
E)  3 
A)  1 
B)  1.5 
C)  2 
D)  2.5 
E)  3

Question 5

In the aerobic metabolism of glucose, ________ acts as the final electron acceptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  lactate 
E)  ATP 
A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  lactate 
E)  ATP

Question 6

What is the result of alternative splicing of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  A new gene is produced. 
B)  The DNA is replicated. 
C)  Isoenzymes are produced from a single gene. 
D)  Genes are mutated. 
E)  Proteins isomerize. 
A)  A new gene is produced. 
B)  The DNA is replicated. 
C)  Isoenzymes are produced from a single gene. 
D)  Genes are mutated. 
E)  Proteins isomerize.

Question 7

Match the specific enzyme to its class.
-aminase

Accepted Answer

A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase 
A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase

Question 8

How would the lack of a required cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme's function would not be altered. 
B)  The enzyme would function more slowly. 
C)  The enzyme would function more quickly. 
D)  The enzyme would not be able to function. 
A)  The enzyme's function would not be altered. 
B)  The enzyme would function more slowly. 
C)  The enzyme would function more quickly. 
D)  The enzyme would not be able to function.

Question 9

When an enzyme is working as fast as it can because its active site is continually refilled with substrate, the condition is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  allosteric modulation. 
B)  equilibrium. 
C)  saturation. 
D)  the Ricardo-Mertz phenomenon. 
E)  specificity. 
A)  allosteric modulation. 
B)  equilibrium. 
C)  saturation. 
D)  the Ricardo-Mertz phenomenon. 
E)  specificity.

Question 10

Match the specific enzyme to its class.
-dehydrogenase

Accepted Answer

A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase 
A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase

Question 11

A molecule of ________ consists of all the codons needed to produce a specific polypeptide chain at the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A molecule of ________ consists of all...

Question 12

The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  2 ATP and 2 NADH. 
B)  0 ATP and 2 NADH. 
C)  2 ATP and 0 NADH. 
D)  2 ATP and 2 FADH₂. 
E)  2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH₂. 
A)  2 ATP and 2 NADH. 
B)  0 ATP and 2 NADH. 
C)  2 ATP and 0 NADH. 
D)  2 ATP and 2 FADH₂. 
E)  2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH₂.

Question 13

A molecule positioned on the high-concentration side of a concentration gradient stores ________ energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical 
B)  potential 
C)  kinetic 
A)  chemical 
B)  potential 
C)  kinetic

Question 14

Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into polypeptide chains by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes...

Question 15

The rates of chemical reactions that occur in the human body are controlled by a particular type of proteins called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rates of chemical reactions that occur...

Question 16

Bovine insulin is composed of 30 amino acids.What is the minimum number of DNA triplets in the insulin gene, based on the amino acid length? What is the minimum number of DNA bases in the coding region? Explain how and why the actual number of triplets in the gene may differ.

Accepted Answer

Ignoring stop and start codons, RNA spli

Question 17

The explanation for how ATP bonds are actually formed during oxidative phosphorylation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs hypothesis. 
B)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
C)  the proton principle. 
D)  the chemiosmotic theory. 
E)  Murphy's law. 
A)  the Krebs hypothesis. 
B)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
C)  the proton principle. 
D)  the chemiosmotic theory. 
E)  Murphy's law.

Question 18

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs ________; the beneficial end product is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, H₂O 
B)  in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, ATP 
C)  in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, ATP 
D)  in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, CO₂ 
E)  twice during the citric acid cycle, ATP 
A)  in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, H₂O 
B)  in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, ATP 
C)  in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, ATP 
D)  in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, CO₂ 
E)  twice during the citric acid cycle, ATP

Question 19

Genes that are always being expressed in a cell involve promoters that are ________.

Accepted Answer

constituti

Question 20

A molecule that loses electrons during a reaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  dehydrated. 
D)  hydrated. 
A)  reduced. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  dehydrated. 
D)  hydrated.

Exam 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Enzymes increase reaction rate by

The ________ is the portion of the mRNA that contains the coding sequence of the gene.

What is chemiosmotic theory? What is its role in metabolism?

What is the potential yield of ATP molecules for each FADH₂ molecule entering the electron transport system?

In the aerobic metabolism of glucose, ________ acts as the final electron acceptor.

What is the result of alternative splicing of mRNA?

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -aminase

How would the lack of a required cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

When an enzyme is working as fast as it can because its active site is continually refilled with substrate, the condition is referred to as

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -dehydrogenase

A molecule of ________ consists of all the codons needed to produce a specific polypeptide chain at the ribosome.

The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is

A molecule positioned on the high-concentration side of a concentration gradient stores ________ energy.

Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into polypeptide chains by ________.

The rates of chemical reactions that occur in the human body are controlled by a particular type of proteins called ________.

Bovine insulin is composed of 30 amino acids.What is the minimum number of DNA triplets in the insulin gene, based on the amino acid length? What is the minimum number of DNA bases in the coding region? Explain how and why the actual number of triplets in the gene may differ.

The explanation for how ATP bonds are actually formed during oxidative phosphorylation is called

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs ________; the beneficial end product is ________.

Genes that are always being expressed in a cell involve promoters that are ________.

A molecule that loses electrons during a reaction is

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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