Question 1

The Nernst equation predicts

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular ion concentrations. 
B)  extracellular ion concentrations. 
C)  the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions. 
D)  the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion. 
E)  the threshold membrane potential. 
A)  intracellular ion concentrations. 
B)  extracellular ion concentrations. 
C)  the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions. 
D)  the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion. 
E)  the threshold membrane potential.

Question 2

The ion necessary to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  zinc. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  zinc.

Question 3

A change in the conditions in the axon terminal can cause a change in the environment of the cell body as a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

retrograde

Question 4

The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on an axon are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on...

Question 5

The primary problem in hyperkalemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  that neurons are harder to excite because their resting potential is hyperpolarized. 
B)  that neurons are hyperexcitable because their resting potential is closer to threshold. 
C)  that neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials. 
D)  neurons are harder to excite because their resting potential is hyperpolarized and neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials. 
E)  neurons are hyperexcitable because their resting potential is closer to threshold and neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials. 
A)  that neurons are harder to excite because their resting potential is hyperpolarized. 
B)  that neurons are hyperexcitable because their resting potential is closer to threshold. 
C)  that neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials. 
D)  neurons are harder to excite because their resting potential is hyperpolarized and neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials. 
E)  neurons are hyperexcitable because their resting potential is closer to threshold and neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials.

Question 6

What factors determine the maximum frequency of action potentials conducted by an axon?

Accepted Answer

Maximum frequency is mostly dependent up

Question 7

The text states "all action potentials are identical to one another." There is an exception, however, where an action potential can have a smaller than normal amplitude.When does this occur and how?

Accepted Answer

During the relative refractory period, a

Question 8

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found.
-satellite cells

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system

Question 9

Which ion(s)is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  sodium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
E)  More than one of the answers is correct. 
A)  potassium 
B)  sodium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
E)  More than one of the answers is correct.

Question 10

What causes a graded potential to degrade?

Accepted Answer

Current leakage acro

Question 11

Compare and contrast action and graded potentials.Your answer should include a definition of each, types, characteristics, ionic basis, functions, and anything else necessary to answer the question.

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are stereotyped change

Question 12

Exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system. 
B)  autonomic nervous system. 
C)  somatic motor division. 
D)  peripheral nervous system. 
E)  enteric nervous system. 
A)  central nervous system. 
B)  autonomic nervous system. 
C)  somatic motor division. 
D)  peripheral nervous system. 
E)  enteric nervous system.

Question 13

A lab technician has inadvertently substituted lithium for sodium in a solution of saline for use by students in neurophysiology labs.If a frog nerve was bathed in this solution, what would happen upon stimulation of the nerve?

Accepted Answer

Assuming the specificity of the voltage-

Question 14

Which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s)of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA only 
B)  glycine only 
C)  glutamate only 
D)  GABA and glycine 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  GABA only 
B)  glycine only 
C)  glutamate only 
D)  GABA and glycine 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

The cell body of neurons is generally

Accepted Answer

A)  90% of the cell volume. 
B)  50% of the cell volume. 
C)  10% of the cell volume. 
D)  found in the same position on every neuron. 
A)  90% of the cell volume. 
B)  50% of the cell volume. 
C)  10% of the cell volume. 
D)  found in the same position on every neuron.

Question 16

Your study partner has concluded that a single action potential, once initiated, spreads down the length of an axon, non-decrementally; similarly, a single graded potential spreads down the length of a dendrite, but with decrement.Is she completely correct? Explain.How can the mechanism of decremental and non-decremental conduction help her sort this out? How is the process different in myelinated vs.unmyelinated neurons? How may the dominoes analogy help her to understand signal propagation?

Accepted Answer

While she is correct about graded potent

Question 17

The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential:
1)sodium channels are inactivated
2)more voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization
3)sodium channels regain their normal properties
4)a graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold
5)a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
6)sodium channel activation occurs
7)sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs
The proper sequence of these events is

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1. 
B)  4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3. 
C)  6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5. 
E)  4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1. 
A)  4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1. 
B)  4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3. 
C)  6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5. 
E)  4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1.

Question 18

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found.
-microglia

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system

Question 19

Graded potentials can

Accepted Answer

A)  only act as signals over short distances. 
B)  only act as signals over long distances. 
C)  only cause or prevent an action potential. 
D)  act as signals over short distances and cause or prevent an action potential. 
E)  act as signals over long distances and cause or prevent an action potential. 
A)  only act as signals over short distances. 
B)  only act as signals over long distances. 
C)  only cause or prevent an action potential. 
D)  act as signals over short distances and cause or prevent an action potential. 
E)  act as signals over long distances and cause or prevent an action potential.

Question 20

When two or more graded potentials arrive at the trigger zone, which of the following could happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out. 
B)  Two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur. 
C)  Two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability. 
D)  An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out and two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur. 
E)  An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out; two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur; and two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability. 
A)  An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out. 
B)  Two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur. 
C)  Two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability. 
D)  An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out and two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur. 
E)  An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out; two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur; and two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability.

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Nernst equation predicts

The ion necessary to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

A change in the conditions in the axon terminal can cause a change in the environment of the cell body as a result of ________.

The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on an axon are called ________.

The primary problem in hyperkalemia is

What factors determine the maximum frequency of action potentials conducted by an axon?

The text states "all action potentials are identical to one another." There is an exception, however, where an action potential can have a smaller than normal amplitude.When does this occur and how?

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found. -satellite cells

Which ion(s)is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

What causes a graded potential to degrade?

Compare and contrast action and graded potentials.Your answer should include a definition of each, types, characteristics, ionic basis, functions, and anything else necessary to answer the question.

Exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the

A lab technician has inadvertently substituted lithium for sodium in a solution of saline for use by students in neurophysiology labs.If a frog nerve was bathed in this solution, what would happen upon stimulation of the nerve?

Which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s)of the CNS?

The cell body of neurons is generally

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found. -microglia

Graded potentials can

When two or more graded potentials arrive at the trigger zone, which of the following could happen?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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