Question 1

When voltage-gated K⁺ channels of a resting neuron open,

Accepted Answer

A)  K⁺ enters the neuron. 
B)  K⁺ leaves the neuron. 
C)  the neuron depolarizes. 
D)  K⁺ enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 
E)  K⁺ leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 
A)  K⁺ enters the neuron. 
B)  K⁺ leaves the neuron. 
C)  the neuron depolarizes. 
D)  K⁺ enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. 
E)  K⁺ leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes.

Question 2

These glial cells may contribute to Lou Gehrig's disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells 
B)  astrocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  oligodendrocytes 
E)  ependymal cells 
A)  Schwann cells 
B)  astrocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  oligodendrocytes 
E)  ependymal cells

Question 3

Compare and contrast Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.

Accepted Answer

Both insulate axons by creating myelin.S

Question 4

Discuss the membrane permeabilities of major ions and how they contribute to the overall resting membrane potential of neurons.

Accepted Answer

The average resting membrane potential i

Question 5

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-make(s)proteins necessary for repair of damaged neuron

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites 
B) axon 
C) cell body 
A) dendrites 
B) axon 
C) cell body

Question 6

Identify the False statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Under normal conditions, all action potentials in a given cell are identical. 
B)  Between nodes of Ranvier, signal conduction is decremental. 
C)  The amplitude of the action potential depends on the amplitude of the graded potential that precedes it. 
D)  The voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels begin to open during the depolarization. 
A)  Under normal conditions, all action potentials in a given cell are identical. 
B)  Between nodes of Ranvier, signal conduction is decremental. 
C)  The amplitude of the action potential depends on the amplitude of the graded potential that precedes it. 
D)  The voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels begin to open during the depolarization.

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be conveyed by a particular neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  length of the axon 
B)  presence or absence of a myelin sheath 
C)  diameter of the axon 
D)  presence or absence of nodes of Ranvier 
E)  whether axon is sensory or motor 
A)  length of the axon 
B)  presence or absence of a myelin sheath 
C)  diameter of the axon 
D)  presence or absence of nodes of Ranvier 
E)  whether axon is sensory or motor

Question 8

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
-highly branched cells that transfer nutrients between blood vessels and neurons

Accepted Answer

A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia 
A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia

Question 9

If the resting axon's membrane becomes more permeable to potassium ions,

Accepted Answer

A)  the inside of the membrane will become more positively charged. 
B)  the membrane will depolarize more rapidly. 
C)  it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential. 
D)  the hyperpolarization at the end of the action potential will not occur. 
A)  the inside of the membrane will become more positively charged. 
B)  the membrane will depolarize more rapidly. 
C)  it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential. 
D)  the hyperpolarization at the end of the action potential will not occur.

Question 10

The minimum amount of stimulus required to depolarize an excitable membrane and generate an action potential is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The minimum amount of stimulus required to...

Question 11

The two types of electrical signals in neurons are ________.

Accepted Answer

graded pot

Question 12

At a(n)________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to affect the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At a(n)________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released...

Question 13

The tip of an embryonic nerve cell's axon is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  kissing cone. 
B)  stem tip. 
C)  growth cone. 
D)  growth tip. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  kissing cone. 
B)  stem tip. 
C)  growth cone. 
D)  growth tip. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Why are mitochondria necessary at axon terminals?

Accepted Answer

Energy is required i

Question 15

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found.
-ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system

Question 16

Explain why the voltage-gated Na? channels can close while the cell is depolarized even though the depolarization was the initial stimulus for the channel opening.Include a discussion on refractory periods and explain why action potentials travel in only one direction.

Accepted Answer

The channels have two gates: activation

Question 17

Polio is an uncommon disease in most developed countries, but prior to widespread use of the polio vaccine, it was very common.Polio is caused by a virus that infects somatic motor neurons and destroys them.From this information, would you expect a polio victim to lose sensation, motor control, other organ function, and/or cognitive function? Explain.While most victims of polio survive, some do not.What is the most likely cause of death?

Accepted Answer

If only motor neurons are affe

Question 18

Your study partner in your physiology class insists that axons conduct graded potentials, and that they play a vital role in production of the action potential.Do you agree or disagree? Defend your answer.

Accepted Answer

Your study partner is correct.This is ea

Question 19

The sodium-potassium exchange pump

Accepted Answer

A)  must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential. 
B)  transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 
C)  transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 
D)  moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients. 
E)  requires ATP to function. 
A)  must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential. 
B)  transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 
C)  transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 
D)  moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients. 
E)  requires ATP to function.

Question 20

Explain the differences in axon regeneration in the CNS and PNS, and the implications for recovery from injury.What experiments might scientists try based on these differences?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells, present in the PNS but no

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

When voltage-gated K⁺ channels of a resting neuron open,

These glial cells may contribute to Lou Gehrig's disease.

Compare and contrast Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.

Discuss the membrane permeabilities of major ions and how they contribute to the overall resting membrane potential of neurons.

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once). -make(s)proteins necessary for repair of damaged neuron

Identify the False statement.

Which of the following does NOT influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be conveyed by a particular neuron?

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once). -highly branched cells that transfer nutrients between blood vessels and neurons

If the resting axon's membrane becomes more permeable to potassium ions,

The minimum amount of stimulus required to depolarize an excitable membrane and generate an action potential is known as the ________.

The two types of electrical signals in neurons are ________.

At a(n)________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to affect the postsynaptic cell.

The tip of an embryonic nerve cell's axon is called a

Why are mitochondria necessary at axon terminals?

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found. -ependymal cells

Explain why the voltage-gated Na? channels can close while the cell is depolarized even though the depolarization was the initial stimulus for the channel opening.Include a discussion on refractory periods and explain why action potentials travel in only one direction.

Your study partner in your physiology class insists that axons conduct graded potentials, and that they play a vital role in production of the action potential.Do you agree or disagree? Defend your answer.

The sodium-potassium exchange pump

Explain the differences in axon regeneration in the CNS and PNS, and the implications for recovery from injury.What experiments might scientists try based on these differences?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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