Question 1

When more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal, how are neurotransmitters affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  More molecules are released into the synapse. 
B)  Different molecules are released into the synapse. 
C)  Fewer molecules are released into the synapse. 
D)  There is no effect-all signals are identical. 
A)  More molecules are released into the synapse. 
B)  Different molecules are released into the synapse. 
C)  Fewer molecules are released into the synapse. 
D)  There is no effect-all signals are identical.

Question 2

When the neuron is at rest, which statement is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  The activation gate is closed. 
B)  The inactivation gate is open. 
C)  No Na⁺ crosses the membrane is the only observation. 
D)  The activation gate is closed and the inactivation gate is open. 
E)  The activation gate is closed and no Na⁺ crosses the membrane. 
A)  The activation gate is closed. 
B)  The inactivation gate is open. 
C)  No Na⁺ crosses the membrane is the only observation. 
D)  The activation gate is closed and the inactivation gate is open. 
E)  The activation gate is closed and no Na⁺ crosses the membrane.

Question 3

Write out the Nernst and GHK equations, and explain the significance of each.Define equilibrium potential.

Accepted Answer

This is discussed in

Question 4

Compare and contrast fast and slow synaptic potentials, including detailed mechanisms used and what kinds of cells they occur in.

Accepted Answer

Fast synaptic potentials begin quickly a

Question 5

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-can involve ion channels regulated by chemicals

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 6

During childhood, growth and development of the brain PRIMARILY occurs by increasing

Accepted Answer

A)  neuron numbers only. 
B)  neuron size only. 
C)  number of dendrites and synapses only. 
D)  neuron numbers and neuron size. 
E)  neuron size and number of dendrites and synapses. 
A)  neuron numbers only. 
B)  neuron size only. 
C)  number of dendrites and synapses only. 
D)  neuron numbers and neuron size. 
E)  neuron size and number of dendrites and synapses.

Question 7

Which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical 
B)  electrical 
C)  mechanical 
D)  processing 
E)  radiative 
A)  chemical 
B)  electrical 
C)  mechanical 
D)  processing 
E)  radiative

Question 8

Conduction speed is (or can be)enhanced by

Accepted Answer

A)  myelin. 
B)  altering extracellular sodium concentration. 
C)  increasing the temperature. 
D)  altering extracellular potassium concentration. 
E)  myelin and increasing the temperature. 
A)  myelin. 
B)  altering extracellular sodium concentration. 
C)  increasing the temperature. 
D)  altering extracellular potassium concentration. 
E)  myelin and increasing the temperature.

Question 9

Name two ways a cell changes its membrane permeability to ions.(Hint: One way is relatively slow.)

Accepted Answer

1.opens or closes ex

Question 10

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-originate(s)at the trigger zone

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 11

The period of time during which an excitable membrane can respond again, but only if the stimulus is greater than the initial stimulus is the ________.

Accepted Answer

relative r

Question 12

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found.
-Schwann cells

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system

Question 13

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
-cells in the PNS that form myelin

Accepted Answer

A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia 
A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia

Question 14

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found.
-oligodendrocytes

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system

Question 15

A compound action potential is recorded using electrodes on a nerve.How does a nerve differ from an axon? Amplitude and duration of a compound action potential vary according to the stimulus intensity applied to the nerve.Given that there is no such variation in the action potential of a single axon, how can you explain this?

Accepted Answer

A nerve consists of many axons.A regular

Question 16

Draw a graph showing change in membrane permeability (don't worry about including the units of permeability)to sodium and potassium during the course of an action potential.For reference, superimpose a graph of the action potential.

Accepted Answer

Graph shou

Question 17

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-where most graded potentials originate

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites 
B) axon 
C) cell body 
A) dendrites 
B) axon 
C) cell body

Question 18

Define temporal and spatial summation.Where does the summation occur? Are these processes mutually exclusive, or can they occur at the same time in a typical multipolar neuron? What key property of neurons do these forms of summation demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

See Figs.8.24 and 8.25 in the chapter.Te

Question 19

If the graded potential increases in amplitude, then the frequency of the action potentials fired also increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The pattern of synaptic connectivity where a large number of presynaptic neurons provide input to a single postsynaptic neuron, is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  divergence. 
B)  convergence. 
C)  integration. 
D)  saltatory conduction. 
E)  potentiation. 
A)  divergence. 
B)  convergence. 
C)  integration. 
D)  saltatory conduction. 
E)  potentiation.

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

When more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal, how are neurotransmitters affected?

When the neuron is at rest, which statement is True?

Write out the Nernst and GHK equations, and explain the significance of each.Define equilibrium potential.

Compare and contrast fast and slow synaptic potentials, including detailed mechanisms used and what kinds of cells they occur in.

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -can involve ion channels regulated by chemicals

During childhood, growth and development of the brain PRIMARILY occurs by increasing

Which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system?

Conduction speed is (or can be)enhanced by

Name two ways a cell changes its membrane permeability to ions.(Hint: One way is relatively slow.)

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -originate(s)at the trigger zone

The period of time during which an excitable membrane can respond again, but only if the stimulus is greater than the initial stimulus is the ________.

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found. -Schwann cells

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once). -cells in the PNS that form myelin

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found. -oligodendrocytes

Draw a graph showing change in membrane permeability (don't worry about including the units of permeability)to sodium and potassium during the course of an action potential.For reference, superimpose a graph of the action potential.

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once). -where most graded potentials originate

Define temporal and spatial summation.Where does the summation occur? Are these processes mutually exclusive, or can they occur at the same time in a typical multipolar neuron? What key property of neurons do these forms of summation demonstrate?

If the graded potential increases in amplitude, then the frequency of the action potentials fired also increases.

The pattern of synaptic connectivity where a large number of presynaptic neurons provide input to a single postsynaptic neuron, is known as

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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