Question 1

Presynaptic facilitation makes a pathway

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons. 
B)  more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons. 
C)  capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 
D)  less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 
E)  more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 
A)  less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons. 
B)  more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons. 
C)  capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 
D)  less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning. 
E)  more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning.

Question 2

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-receive(s)most of the incoming synapses

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites 
B) axon 
C) cell body 
A) dendrites 
B) axon 
C) cell body

Question 3

The addition of stimuli arriving in rapid succession to produce an action potential is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The addition of stimuli arriving in rapid...

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites 
B)  cell body 
C)  axon hillock 
D)  synaptic cleft 
E)  synaptic bouton 
A)  dendrites 
B)  cell body 
C)  axon hillock 
D)  synaptic cleft 
E)  synaptic bouton

Question 5

Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons are called ________ if they make that cell more likely to fire.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons...

Question 6

We have finally discovered life on Venus.NASA scientists are investigating a newly discovered life form: a single-celled organism found in the swampy canals.You have been contracted by NASA to perform an electrophysiology study.Using intracellular electrodes to measure the electrical charge inside the cell, you find it has a resting membrane potential of -45 mV when the outside fluid is arbitrarily set to 0 mV.Additionally, you have determined ion concentrations and listed them below.
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } 
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
{ [  ]\text { in } } \
\text { mOsm/L }
\end{array} & \text { Cell } & \text { Swamp } \
\hline \mathrm { K } ^ { + } & 5 & 150 \
\hline \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } & 15 & 175 \
\hline \mathrm { Cl } - & 40 & 40 \
\hline
\end{array}$$ 
For fun, you have used new molecular biology techniques to insert protein channels into the cell membrane that allow only Na? and Cl? to pass.Predict which ion(s)will move.Tell what direction it (they)will move and what force(s)is/are acting on it (them).

Accepted Answer

K? cannot move because, without potassiu

Question 7

Microvilli are present on cells that, because of their function, benefit from an increased membrane surface area.Which structure(s)on a neuron provide a comparable benefit?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body 
B)  dendrites 
C)  axon 
D)  varicosities 
E)  collaterals 
A)  cell body 
B)  dendrites 
C)  axon 
D)  varicosities 
E)  collaterals

Question 8

In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can

Accepted Answer

A)  only open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials. 
B)  only close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses. 
C)  only regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials, close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses, and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  only open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials. 
B)  only close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses. 
C)  only regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials, close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses, and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell.

Question 9

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-may be hyperpolarizing

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 10

You and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action potentials.You connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential.Your partner says that the voltage knob is stuck, that is, it will not increase the voltage.Is there another way to trigger action potentials using this stimulator? If so, what do you tell your partner to do?

Accepted Answer

Your lab partner can increase

Question 11

The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  glutamate. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  GABA. 
E)  glycine. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  glutamate. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  GABA. 
E)  glycine.

Question 12

The disease rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system.The virus is normally introduced when an infected animal bites another, breaking the surface of the skin and allowing the entry of saliva containing the virus.Since the virus cannot move by itself, how does it get to neurons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Circulation of the lymph may s

Question 13

The absolute refractory period is important in unidirectional propagation of action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched.

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivation gate - closed at rest 
B)  activation gate - open at rest 
C)  inactivation gate - closed during repolarization 
D)  activation gate - opens during depolarization 
E)  All of the answers are incorrectly matched. 
A)  inactivation gate - closed at rest 
B)  activation gate - open at rest 
C)  inactivation gate - closed during repolarization 
D)  activation gate - opens during depolarization 
E)  All of the answers are incorrectly matched.

Question 15

The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and the peripheral effectors is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  axon hillock. 
B)  varicosity. 
C)  axon. 
D)  dendrite. 
E)  nerve. 
A)  axon hillock. 
B)  varicosity. 
C)  axon. 
D)  dendrite. 
E)  nerve.

Question 16

Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________ neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent 
B)  sensory 
C)  efferent 
D)  afferent and sensory 
E)  sensory and efferent 
A)  afferent 
B)  sensory 
C)  efferent 
D)  afferent and sensory 
E)  sensory and efferent

Question 17

What is the trigger zone? Where is the trigger zone found in efferent, afferent, and interneurons? Do the terms trigger zone and axon hillock have the same meaning? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The trigger zone is an area of the neuro

Question 18

How do the following relate to nervous system development and/or healing? Synaptic plasticity, neuroglia, neurotrophic factors.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity is the changeability

Question 19

When comparing action potentials to graded potentials, an/two important distinguishing characteristic/s is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  graded potentials can undergo summation. 
B)  action potentials can undergo summation. 
C)  that the rate of action potentials is limited by the refractory period. 
D)  graded potentials can undergo summation and the rate of action potentials is limited by the refractory period. 
E)  action potentials can undergo summation and the rate of action potentials is limited by the refractory period. 
A)  graded potentials can undergo summation. 
B)  action potentials can undergo summation. 
C)  that the rate of action potentials is limited by the refractory period. 
D)  graded potentials can undergo summation and the rate of action potentials is limited by the refractory period. 
E)  action potentials can undergo summation and the rate of action potentials is limited by the refractory period.

Question 20

The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ flow in the cell only. 
B)  Na⁺ flow out of the cell only. 
C)  K⁺ flow out of the cell only. 
D)  K⁺ flow into the cell only. 
E)  Na⁺ flow out of the cell and K⁺ flow into the cell. 
A)  Na⁺ flow in the cell only. 
B)  Na⁺ flow out of the cell only. 
C)  K⁺ flow out of the cell only. 
D)  K⁺ flow into the cell only. 
E)  Na⁺ flow out of the cell and K⁺ flow into the cell.

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

Presynaptic facilitation makes a pathway

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once). -receive(s)most of the incoming synapses

The addition of stimuli arriving in rapid succession to produce an action potential is called ________.

Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons are called ________ if they make that cell more likely to fire.

Microvilli are present on cells that, because of their function, benefit from an increased membrane surface area.Which structure(s)on a neuron provide a comparable benefit?

In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -may be hyperpolarizing

The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is

The absolute refractory period is important in unidirectional propagation of action potentials.

Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched.

The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and the peripheral effectors is called the

Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________ neurons.

What is the trigger zone? Where is the trigger zone found in efferent, afferent, and interneurons? Do the terms trigger zone and axon hillock have the same meaning? Explain.

How do the following relate to nervous system development and/or healing? Synaptic plasticity, neuroglia, neurotrophic factors.

When comparing action potentials to graded potentials, an/two important distinguishing characteristic/s is/are

The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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