Question 1

Becker's study of 'outsiders' was crucial because:

Accepted Answer

A) immigration was rising at an alarming rate 
B) people from ethnic minority backgrounds could not join the police 
C) it shifted attention away from crime and toward deviance 
D) it represented a sea change in criminology 
A) immigration was rising at an alarming rate 
B) people from ethnic minority backgrounds could not join the police 
C) it shifted attention away from crime and toward deviance 
D) it represented a sea change in criminology C,D

Question 2

What are the three types of marijuana users according to Becker?

Accepted Answer

A) occasional user 
B) the beginner 
C) regular user 
D) 0 
A) occasional user 
B) the beginner 
C) regular user 
D) 0 B,C,D

Question 3

What does it mean to say that human interaction is undertaken with the aid of symbols?

Accepted Answer

A) signals are seen as crime 
B) things can be used to signify other things 
C) signs of crime are everywhere 
D) certain behaviours might be seen by different people in different ways 
A) signals are seen as crime 
B) things can be used to signify other things 
C) signs of crime are everywhere 
D) certain behaviours might be seen by different people in different ways B

Question 4

What is the core concern of phenomenology?

Accepted Answer

A) unusual and surprising crimes 
B) sexual crimes in terms of the impact upon the victim 
C) homicide 
D) the ways in which people's subjective experience may be understood 
A) unusual and surprising crimes 
B) sexual crimes in terms of the impact upon the victim 
C) homicide 
D) the ways in which people's subjective experience may be understood

Question 5

In terms of the concept of 'stigma' what did Becker mean by 'spoiled identities'?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of the concept of 'stigma'...

Question 6

After someone has been convicted of a crime and publically shamed Braithwaite argues it is impossible to become law abiding, respectable citizens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Why is it important to consider the meaning of 'deviant'?

Accepted Answer

A) Because deviance leads to crime 
B) because it is a new way of counting crime 
C) because deviance is simply those things we describe as such 
D) because it is an independent variable 
A) Because deviance leads to crime 
B) because it is a new way of counting crime 
C) because deviance is simply those things we describe as such 
D) because it is an independent variable

Question 8

What is 'diversion' when related to juvenile justice?

Accepted Answer

A) non-custodial sentences for juvenile offenders 
B) a process of cautioning rather than prosecution 
C) taking young people to social events 
D) getting young people interested in sport 
A) non-custodial sentences for juvenile offenders 
B) a process of cautioning rather than prosecution 
C) taking young people to social events 
D) getting young people interested in sport

Question 9

It is argued that interactionist inquiry, based on ethnographic fieldwork, is difficult to substantiate or refute.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Is it possible for deviance to exist in the absence of application of a label? Can an individual who commits a serious human rights violation, but is not sanctioned, really be considered not to have deviated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it possible for deviance to exist...

Question 11

Why do labelling theorists reject positivism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do labelling theorists reject positivism?...

Question 12

Social constructionists such as Tannenbaum argued that deviants and non deviants are the same.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Is labelling theory really a 'theory'?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is labelling theory really a 'theory'?...

Question 14

If primary deviance is classed as the simple commission of a prohibited act, what is 'secondary deviance?

Accepted Answer

A) where an offender keeps committing further crimes 
B) when someone begins to see themselves as deviant 
C) when a person is arrested for a crime 
D) when someone is convicted of a crime 
A) where an offender keeps committing further crimes 
B) when someone begins to see themselves as deviant 
C) when a person is arrested for a crime 
D) when someone is convicted of a crime

Question 15

Labelling theory is said to be the sociology of the underdog.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What are the three stages of the rule breaking process according to Becker?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the three stages of the...

Question 17

How does labelling theory work, according to Tannenbaum (1938)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does labelling theory work, according to...

Question 18

What do ethnomethodologists concentrate upon?

Accepted Answer

A) the ways in which everyday activities are made meaningful 
B) the ethnicity of suspects 
C) the life history method 
A) the ways in which everyday activities are made meaningful 
B) the ethnicity of suspects 
C) the life history method

Question 19

What do moral entrepreneurs seek to impose upon others?

Accepted Answer

A) their religion 
B) social mores 
C) moral values and rules 
D) business acumen 
A) their religion 
B) social mores 
C) moral values and rules 
D) business acumen

Question 20

New deviancy theories, such as labelling theory:

Accepted Answer

A) adopted a more appreciative methodological stance toward deviants 
B) thought that people who became deviant had faulty reasoning 
C) argued for tougher sentences for violent crimes 
D) took a more critical stance toward the state and the system that defined them as deviant 
A) adopted a more appreciative methodological stance toward deviants 
B) thought that people who became deviant had faulty reasoning 
C) argued for tougher sentences for violent crimes 
D) took a more critical stance toward the state and the system that defined them as deviant

Exam 11: Interactionism and Labelling Theory

Becker's study of 'outsiders' was crucial because:

What are the three types of marijuana users according to Becker?

What does it mean to say that human interaction is undertaken with the aid of symbols?

What is the core concern of phenomenology?

In terms of the concept of 'stigma' what did Becker mean by 'spoiled identities'?

After someone has been convicted of a crime and publically shamed Braithwaite argues it is impossible to become law abiding, respectable citizens.

Why is it important to consider the meaning of 'deviant'?

What is 'diversion' when related to juvenile justice?

It is argued that interactionist inquiry, based on ethnographic fieldwork, is difficult to substantiate or refute.

Is it possible for deviance to exist in the absence of application of a label? Can an individual who commits a serious human rights violation, but is not sanctioned, really be considered not to have deviated?

Why do labelling theorists reject positivism?

Social constructionists such as Tannenbaum argued that deviants and non deviants are the same.

Is labelling theory really a 'theory'?

If primary deviance is classed as the simple commission of a prohibited act, what is 'secondary deviance?

Labelling theory is said to be the sociology of the underdog.

What are the three stages of the rule breaking process according to Becker?

How does labelling theory work, according to Tannenbaum (1938)?

What do ethnomethodologists concentrate upon?

What do moral entrepreneurs seek to impose upon others?

New deviancy theories, such as labelling theory:

Understanding Crime and Criminology

Crime and Punishment in History

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