Question 1

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome. 
B)  weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs. 
C)  ascending paralysis commencing in the legs. 
D)  skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck. 
A)  unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome. 
B)  weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs. 
C)  ascending paralysis commencing in the legs. 
D)  skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck.

Question 2

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. 
B)  infection in the brain by HIV. 
C)  an autoimmune reaction that damages nerve receptors. 
D)  infection in the brain by a prion. 
A)  inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. 
B)  infection in the brain by HIV. 
C)  an autoimmune reaction that damages nerve receptors. 
D)  infection in the brain by a prion.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain damage in children with cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Hypoxia 
D)  Trauma 
A)  Hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Hypoxia 
D)  Trauma

Question 4

In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carriers 
B)  Mosquito and tick bites 
C)  Respiratory droplet 
D)  Septic emboli in the circulation 
A)  Carriers 
B)  Mosquito and tick bites 
C)  Respiratory droplet 
D)  Septic emboli in the circulation

Question 5

Which of the following is the usual location of language centers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left hemisphere 
B)  Right hemisphere 
C)  Brainstem 
D)  Hypothalamus 
A)  Left hemisphere 
B)  Right hemisphere 
C)  Brainstem 
D)  Hypothalamus

Question 6

Which statement is TRUE about depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is classified as a mood disorder. 
B)  Episodes of intense fear are recurrent. 
C)  It is marked by increased appetite and libido. 
D)  It is not a common condition. 
A)  It is classified as a mood disorder. 
B)  Episodes of intense fear are recurrent. 
C)  It is marked by increased appetite and libido. 
D)  It is not a common condition.

Question 7

Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands 
B)  Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms 
C)  Visual deficits and speech impairment 
D)  Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait 
A)  Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands 
B)  Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms 
C)  Visual deficits and speech impairment 
D)  Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait

Question 8

Which statement best describes herniation resulting from increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement of brain tissue into ventricles 
B)  Movement of brain stem upward 
C)  Pushing of excess CSF and blood down around the spinal cord 
D)  Displacement of brain tissue downward toward the spinal cord 
A)  Movement of brain tissue into ventricles 
B)  Movement of brain stem upward 
C)  Pushing of excess CSF and blood down around the spinal cord 
D)  Displacement of brain tissue downward toward the spinal cord

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive function remains normal. 
B)  ALS affects primarily young women. 
C)  Sensory neurons are damaged initially. 
D)  Cause of death is usually a cardiac arrhythmia. 
A)  Cognitive function remains normal. 
B)  ALS affects primarily young women. 
C)  Sensory neurons are damaged initially. 
D)  Cause of death is usually a cardiac arrhythmia.

Question 10

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between the double layers of the dura mater 
B)  In the subdural space 
C)  In the subarachnoid space 
D)  Through the arachnoid villi 
A)  Between the double layers of the dura mater 
B)  In the subdural space 
C)  In the subarachnoid space 
D)  Through the arachnoid villi

Question 11

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Demyelination of axons 
B)  It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves 
C)  It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers 
D)  Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves 
A)  Demyelination of axons 
B)  It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves 
C)  It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers 
D)  Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves

Question 12

In which disorders do biochemical abnormalities involving the neurotransmitters in the brain occur?
1) Bipolar disorder
2) Schizophrenia
3) Huntington's disease
4) AIDS dementia

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  1, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 3 
B)  1, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4

Question 13

Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate 
B)  A genetic defect affecting metabolism and causing degeneration in the neurons 
C)  A developmental error during early growth of the peripheral nervous system 
D)  A chromosomal defect resulting in abnormalities in many body structures 
A)  Nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate 
B)  A genetic defect affecting metabolism and causing degeneration in the neurons 
C)  A developmental error during early growth of the peripheral nervous system 
D)  A chromosomal defect resulting in abnormalities in many body structures

Question 14

How is the presence of spina bifida diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prenatally by ultrasound or detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in maternal blood or amniotic fluid 
B)  Only after birth by direct observation of the sac 
C)  After birth when the sac herniates as CSF builds up 
D)  Only with a spinal X-ray 
A)  Prenatally by ultrasound or detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in maternal blood or amniotic fluid 
B)  Only after birth by direct observation of the sac 
C)  After birth when the sac herniates as CSF builds up 
D)  Only with a spinal X-ray

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common contributing factor to AIDS dementia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Invasion of the central nervous system by HIV 
B)  Development of arteriosclerosis 
C)  Secondary toxoplasmosis infection 
D)  Development of cerebral lymphoma 
A)  Invasion of the central nervous system by HIV 
B)  Development of arteriosclerosis 
C)  Secondary toxoplasmosis infection 
D)  Development of cerebral lymphoma

Question 16

Where are β1-adrenergic receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchiolar walls 
B)  Arteriolar walls 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Glands of the intestinal tract 
A)  Bronchiolar walls 
B)  Arteriolar walls 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Glands of the intestinal tract

Question 17

The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of blood irritates the neurons. 
B)  otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure. 
C)  inflammatory response causes general hypoxia. 
D)  CNS is depressed. 
A)  presence of blood irritates the neurons. 
B)  otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure. 
C)  inflammatory response causes general hypoxia. 
D)  CNS is depressed.

Question 18

The best description of a myelomeningocele is:

Accepted Answer

A)  asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse. 
B)  herniation of the meninges through a vertebral defect. 
C)  herniation of the meninges, CSF, and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect. 
D)  herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium. 
A)  asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse. 
B)  herniation of the meninges through a vertebral defect. 
C)  herniation of the meninges, CSF, and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect. 
D)  herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium.

Question 19

The stroke scale used to rapidly diagnose a stroke includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  capacity for speech, level of consciousness, motor skills, eye movements. 
B)  motor skills, spatial awareness, time awareness, facial recognition. 
C)  short-term memory, cognitive skills, speech, name recognition. 
D)  hand-eye coordination, problem solving, ability to stand or walk, consciousness. 
A)  capacity for speech, level of consciousness, motor skills, eye movements. 
B)  motor skills, spatial awareness, time awareness, facial recognition. 
C)  short-term memory, cognitive skills, speech, name recognition. 
D)  hand-eye coordination, problem solving, ability to stand or walk, consciousness.

Question 20

All of the following apply to CVA EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the common cause is an atheroma with thrombus. 
B)  maximum necrosis and infarction develop within several hours of onset. 
C)  warning signs may appear with partial obstruction of the artery. 
D)  increasing neurological deficits usually develop during the first few days. 
A)  the common cause is an atheroma with thrombus. 
B)  maximum necrosis and infarction develop within several hours of onset. 
C)  warning signs may appear with partial obstruction of the artery. 
D)  increasing neurological deficits usually develop during the first few days.

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain damage in children with cerebral palsy?

In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?

Which of the following is the usual location of language centers?

Which statement is TRUE about depression?

Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson's disease?

Which statement best describes herniation resulting from increased intracranial pressure?

Which statement is TRUE about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

In which disorders do biochemical abnormalities involving the neurotransmitters in the brain occur? 1) Bipolar disorder 2) Schizophrenia 3) Huntington's disease 4) AIDS dementia

Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?

How is the presence of spina bifida diagnosed?

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common contributing factor to AIDS dementia?

Where are β1-adrenergic receptors located?

The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:

The best description of a myelomeningocele is:

The stroke scale used to rapidly diagnose a stroke includes:

All of the following apply to CVA EXCEPT:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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