Question 1

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right ventricle of the heart 
B)  Femoral vein 
C)  Common carotid artery 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
A)  Right ventricle of the heart 
B)  Femoral vein 
C)  Common carotid artery 
D)  Pulmonary artery

Question 2

Following a head injury, what is the most likely cause of secondary damage to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hematoma or infection 
B)  Laceration by foreign objects 
C)  Hypoxia or acidosis 
D)  Tearing of blood vessels as the brain rotates across the inside of the skull 
A)  Hematoma or infection 
B)  Laceration by foreign objects 
C)  Hypoxia or acidosis 
D)  Tearing of blood vessels as the brain rotates across the inside of the skull

Question 3

Which of the following statements applies to a lumbar puncture?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually performed at L3-L4. 
B)  Fluid is withdrawn from the epidural space. 
C)  It can be used to confirm any diagnosis. 
D)  The tissue seals up immediately after puncture. 
A)  It is usually performed at L3-L4. 
B)  Fluid is withdrawn from the epidural space. 
C)  It can be used to confirm any diagnosis. 
D)  The tissue seals up immediately after puncture.

Question 4

Which of the following is used to confirm the diagnosis of, and classify, seizures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Characteristics of the aura 
B)  Presence of precipitating factors 
C)  Electroencephalogram 
D)  Changes in the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid 
A)  Characteristics of the aura 
B)  Presence of precipitating factors 
C)  Electroencephalogram 
D)  Changes in the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

What is the pathophysiological change in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degeneration of motor fibers in the pyramidal tracts 
B)  Excess secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters in the CNS 
C)  Degeneration of the basal nuclei with a deficit of dopamine 
D)  Deficit of acetylcholine and degeneration of the motor cortex in the frontal lobe 
A)  Degeneration of motor fibers in the pyramidal tracts 
B)  Excess secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters in the CNS 
C)  Degeneration of the basal nuclei with a deficit of dopamine 
D)  Deficit of acetylcholine and degeneration of the motor cortex in the frontal lobe

Question 6

The ataxic form of cerebral palsy results from damage to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  motor cortex. 
C)  basal nuclei. 
D)  pyramidal tracts. 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  motor cortex. 
C)  basal nuclei. 
D)  pyramidal tracts.

Question 7

What are the significant early signs of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired speech and muscle weakness 
B)  Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia 
C)  Abnormal sensations and tremors 
D)  Vomiting and visual abnormalities 
A)  Impaired speech and muscle weakness 
B)  Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia 
C)  Abnormal sensations and tremors 
D)  Vomiting and visual abnormalities

Question 8

Which type of seizure commonly occurs in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence 
B)  Tonic-clonic 
C)  Focal 
D)  Complex partial 
A)  Absence 
B)  Tonic-clonic 
C)  Focal 
D)  Complex partial

Question 9

Following a spinal injury at C5, what is the expected effect during the period of spinal shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spastic paralysis below the level of the injury 
B)  Urinary incontinence 
C)  Possible periods of apnea 
D)  Normal blood pressure 
A)  Spastic paralysis below the level of the injury 
B)  Urinary incontinence 
C)  Possible periods of apnea 
D)  Normal blood pressure

Question 10

Brain injury where the brain is injured when it bounces off of the skull due to sudden acceleration or deceleration is referred to as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  linear fracture 
B)  contusion 
C)  basilar injury 
D)  contrecoup injury 
A)  linear fracture 
B)  contusion 
C)  basilar injury 
D)  contrecoup injury

Question 11

Which of the following conditions is marked by focal signs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meningitis 
B)  Brain abscess 
C)  Encephalitis 
D)  Intracerebral hemorrhage 
A)  Meningitis 
B)  Brain abscess 
C)  Encephalitis 
D)  Intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of a stroke depend upon:

Accepted Answer

A)  location of obstruction, size of artery, and area affected. 
B)  duration of the blockage, distance from the heart, and type of obstruction. 
C)  health of the victim, area affected, and collateral circulation. 
D)  size of the obstruction, condition of the heart, and duration of blockage. 
A)  location of obstruction, size of artery, and area affected. 
B)  duration of the blockage, distance from the heart, and type of obstruction. 
C)  health of the victim, area affected, and collateral circulation. 
D)  size of the obstruction, condition of the heart, and duration of blockage.

Question 13

With regard to meningitis, choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli: elderly 
B)  H. influenzae: neonate 
C)  N. meningitides: children and youth 
D)  S. pneumoniae: young children 
A)  E. coli: elderly 
B)  H. influenzae: neonate 
C)  N. meningitides: children and youth 
D)  S. pneumoniae: young children

Question 14

Which of the following conditions is NOT part of the criteria for a declaration of "brain death"?

Accepted Answer

A)  No activity on EEG 
B)  Absence of all reflexes 
C)  No spontaneous respirations 
D)  Presence of any head injury 
A)  No activity on EEG 
B)  Absence of all reflexes 
C)  No spontaneous respirations 
D)  Presence of any head injury

Question 15

The rabies virus is usually transmitted by:

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory droplets. 
B)  insects such as mosquitoes. 
C)  bites from infected animals. 
D)  the fecal-oral route. 
A)  respiratory droplets. 
B)  insects such as mosquitoes. 
C)  bites from infected animals. 
D)  the fecal-oral route.

Question 16

How would a seizure consisting of bizarre or inappropriate activity be classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence seizure 
B)  Psychomotor seizure 
C)  Focal seizure 
D)  Jacksonian seizure 
A)  Absence seizure 
B)  Psychomotor seizure 
C)  Focal seizure 
D)  Jacksonian seizure

Question 17

What is the usual result of damage to the right occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left eye is blind 
B)  Loss of left visual field 
C)  Right eye is blind 
D)  Visual loss in the medial half of each eye 
A)  Left eye is blind 
B)  Loss of left visual field 
C)  Right eye is blind 
D)  Visual loss in the medial half of each eye

Question 18

Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?

Accepted Answer

A)  The localization of the seizure activity 
B)  The uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres 
C)  Seizures that persist for several hours 
D)  Loss of consciousness and all motor function 
A)  The localization of the seizure activity 
B)  The uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres 
C)  Seizures that persist for several hours 
D)  Loss of consciousness and all motor function

Question 19

Vertebral fractures are classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  simple, compression, wedge, dislocation. 
B)  compound, open, closed, shattered. 
C)  complex, torsion, open, multiple. 
D)  pressure, complex, simple, variable. 
A)  simple, compression, wedge, dislocation. 
B)  compound, open, closed, shattered. 
C)  complex, torsion, open, multiple. 
D)  pressure, complex, simple, variable.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE about malignant brain tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most brain tumors arise from malignant neurons. 
B)  Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS. 
C)  The blood-brain barrier prevents secondary brain tumors. 
D)  Brainstem tumors do not manifest signs until they are quite large. 
A)  Most brain tumors arise from malignant neurons. 
B)  Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS. 
C)  The blood-brain barrier prevents secondary brain tumors. 
D)  Brainstem tumors do not manifest signs until they are quite large.

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Following a head injury, what is the most likely cause of secondary damage to the brain?

Which of the following statements applies to a lumbar puncture?

Which of the following is used to confirm the diagnosis of, and classify, seizures?

What is the pathophysiological change in Parkinson's disease?

The ataxic form of cerebral palsy results from damage to the:

What are the significant early signs of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm?

Which type of seizure commonly occurs in children?

Following a spinal injury at C5, what is the expected effect during the period of spinal shock?

Brain injury where the brain is injured when it bounces off of the skull due to sudden acceleration or deceleration is referred to as a/an:

Which of the following conditions is marked by focal signs?

Signs and symptoms of a stroke depend upon:

With regard to meningitis, choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

Which of the following conditions is NOT part of the criteria for a declaration of "brain death"?

The rabies virus is usually transmitted by:

How would a seizure consisting of bizarre or inappropriate activity be classified?

What is the usual result of damage to the right occipital lobe?

Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?

Vertebral fractures are classified as:

Which of the following statements is TRUE about malignant brain tumors?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters