Exam 9: Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years

Daniel understands the difference between a row of two toy animals and a row of three toy animals, regardless of the animals' spacing. This suggests that Daniel knows how to count. Further, contrary to Piaget, Daniel knows about __________.

Compare and contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's view of cognitive development during the preschool years.

Four-year-old Regis is learning to tie his own shoes. To help keep him on task, he talks to himself. For instance, he says, "First you make a knot. Then you make a loop." Regis's use of spoken language not intended for others is called __________.

Read over Piaget's concept of centration in your text. Have you observed areas in your child's life where he or she has focused on only a limited aspect of a situation? Explain.

Mrs. Ketler, a preschool teacher, is teaching her students how to write the letters of the alphabet. Which of the following recommendations would you provide?

In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that children younger than __________ months be discouraged from using screen media.

According to Piaget, the relation between language and thought is that language __________.

In what ways might children use private speech? What functions does it serve?

Imagine that a 4-year-old child is trying to build a castle with blocks. Explain how you would provide scaffolding to support the child's play.

Vygotsky suggested that __________ speech is used as a guide to behavior and thought.

One of the major criticisms of the information-processing approaches to development is that the focus is on __________.

Four-year-old Nick is shown two drinking glasses of different shapes. One is short and wide, the other tall and thin. A teacher fills both glasses with the same amount of water and asks Nick whether the glasses have the same amount of water. Nick states that the tall glass has more. Use Piaget's theory to explain why Nick responds this way.

A school where children are provided with a carefully designed set of materials and activities to choose from, with the option of moving from one to another, is called a __________.

Piaget's cognitive theory stresses the __________ changes that occur in each stage, whereas the information-processing approach views cognitive development as more __________.

What is egocentric thought, and how does it affect children's behavior and thought?

Ms. Alaniz is an art teacher. She often has children draw objects that change from one state to another. For instance, she will hold up a pencil and let it drop to the floor. The children are to draw what they saw. She finds that the kindergartners draw only two scenes, the pencil in an upright position and the pencil lying on the floor. This example illustrates that kindergartners lack an understanding of __________.

The combining of words and phrases to form sentences is known as __________.

One of the most popular educational program for children in the United States is __________.

Preschool-age children who are exposed to advertising on television __________.

David Elkind's research on pushing children in the United States to progress suggests that it is in a child's interest to present education based on typical development and the unique characteristics of a given child. This educational practice is known as __________.