Exam 5: Memory: Models and Research Methods

__________ memory refers to a form of memory retrieval in which a person uses recalled or recognized information without consciously being aware of doing so.

Based on the research on mnemonists and on the self-reference effect,state at least two ways by which you can increase your recall of information when studying for an exam.Be specific and be sure to state the relationship between the research and your proposed study strategies.

A __________ refers to a juncture within a memory network,which may be seen as representing a concept.

It is difficult to draw cause-and-effect statements from an interruption of function due to a lesion in a particular part of the brain since other parts of the brain may also be involved with that function.In evaluating hypotheses about neuropathologies,scientists look for ______ or different neuropathologies in which the individuals demonstrate an opposite pattern of deficits.

Compare the sensory store,the short-term store,and the long-term store with each other and state the way in which they differ from one another.

__________ recall refers to a type of recall task used in experiments in which the participant recalls items in any order he or she chooses.

Melissa volunteered to participate in a psychological experiment.She has been instructed to listen carefully to a list of words,because later she will have to remember as many of these words as possible in the exact order in which they were presented.Melissa is participating in a __________ recall task.

A(n)__________ refers to a node that activates a connected node in a network.

A person who has suffered some sort of brain injury affecting only his or her hippocampus is most likely to show difficulty with

Describe briefly procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge.Then describe the ways in which our lives would be different if all procedural knowledge decayed quickly if it were not maintained through rehearsal.

A person who has suffered some sort of brain injury,affecting only his or her cerebellum is most likely to show difficulty with

Describe the different types of amnesia and explain how they are different from one another.

Pretend you are developing your own memory improvement book.What are some of the important facts that you would have to cover or include in your book?

John participates in an experiment in which he is presented with letters on a screen.Every time he sees an "X" he is supposed to report the letter that appeared three letters earlier.This is an example of which type of task?

As tested by a psychologist,the capacity of Jerry's short-term store for a wide range of items appears to be 11 items.Jerry's short-term memory capacity is

__________ memory refers to a discrete memory system for knowledge of how to perform particular tasks or skills.

This model of memory,which consists of nodes and links between the nodes,suggests that knowledge is represented in the connections between the nodes.

Suppose that a teacher seeks your advice regarding how to test his students in a way that (a)mainly involves recall processes;or (b)mainly involves recognition processes.Explain briefly what recall and recognition processes are and then state your recommendations to the teacher.

__________ refers to a concept that cannot be directly measured or observed but that may be used as a mental representation for understanding the workings of a psychological phenomenon.

Retrograde amnesia may be viewed as a problem in __________ information in (from)memory.