Exam 8: Causal Research Design: Experimentation

________ takes place when the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.

True experimental designs include ________ and ________.

In an after-the-fact examination of a situation,we can confidently rule out all other causal factors.

Validity takes place when the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.

Designs that apply part of the procedures of true experimentation,while lacking full experimental control are called ________.

Which of the following can be symbolized as: EG: R X O1 CG: R O2 Where, X = the exposure of a group to an independent variable,treatment,event,the effects of which are to be determined O = the process of observation or measurement of the dependent variable on the test units or group of units R = the random assignment of test units or groups to separate treatments CG = control group EG = experimental group

Which of the following is NOT a way of controlling extraneous variables?

Experimental design is the set of experimental procedures specifying the test units and sampling procedures and all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of preexperimental designs?

The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group,the subjects are not assigned randomly,and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

Concomitant variation occurs when the presumed cause and presumed effect are both present and both vary in a manner predicted by the researcher's hypothesis.

A preexperimental design in which a single group of test units is exposed to a treatment X,and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken,is called the one-shot case study.

According to the text,a(n)________ is the group exposed to the manipulated independent variable.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four broad categories of experimental designs?

All of the experimental designs discussed in the book can be implemented within the context of the virtual world but not the real social world.

________ refers to an extraneous variable attributable to the improper assignment of test units to treatment conditions.

External validity refers to whether the manipulation of the independent variables or treatments actually caused the observed effects on the dependent variables.

An experiment was conducted to test the effects of coupon value on redemption.Personal interviews were conducted in New York with 280 shoppers who were entering a supermarket.These shoppers were given a coupon for one of four brands prior to entering the store.Two coupon values were used,one offering 15-cents off and the other 50-cents off.Shoppers were randomly assigned to these two coupon-value levels.Four brands-Tide detergent,Kellogg's corn flakes,Aim toothpaste,and Joy liquid dishwashing detergent were used.These same shoppers were re-interviewed upon leaving the store and asked to report on any coupons used in the store.What extraneous variable most likely will influence the results of this experiment?

________ refers to whether the manipulation of the independent variables or treatments actually caused the observed effects on the dependent variables.

A(n)________ is a statistical experimental design used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.