Exam 31: A: Urinary System

Glomerular filtration rate can never be zero.

Just as in the lumen of the small intestine,the lumen of the proximal tubule has microvilli.

Chronic kidney failure is a condition that progresses through four stages; the last one is called uremic syndrome.

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidney.

The loop of Henle and the vasa recta have a countercurrent structure.

An increase in solutes in the urine will cause an increase in the urine output.

As the aldosterone concentration increases,the amount of potassium reabsorbed into the blood increases.

The renal tubule is made up of simple squamous and simple cuboidal epithelium.

Glycosuria refers to blood in the urine.

Blood enters the glomerulus through afferent arterioles.

The kidney and bladder are the principal organs of the urinary system.

The macula densa is considered a chemoreceptor.

The kidneys influence secretion of the hormone aldosterone.

The mechanism of voiding urine begins with the involuntary relaxation of the external sphincter muscle.

In the average bladder,about 500 ml of urine causes moderate distention and a desire to void.

Filtrate in the descending limb of the Henle loop has the highest osmolality.

The urinary system can be seen as a urine producer and a blood plasma balancer.

ADH and aldosterone both attempt to decrease urine output.

Glomerular endothelium is similar to tissue capillary endothelium in that both have approximately the same number of pores,or fenestrations.

The fenestrations increase the porosity of the glomerulus.