Exam 31: A: Urinary System

Cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus release renin.

Penicillin can be cleared from the blood by tubular secretion.

The function of the slit diaphragm is to prevent the filtration slits from closing under pressure.

Freshly voided urine is generally acidic.

The ion pumps in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle can maintain an osmotic difference of 400 mOsm across the wall of the tubule.

Contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

With increased ADH,urine becomes hypotonic to blood.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent venules.

The hilum is a concave notch on the lateral side of the kidney.

The outer portion of the kidney is called the medulla.

About 99% of the fluid filtered into Bowman capsule is reabsorbed.

Nitrogen wastes are removed only by the urinary system.

The folds in the bladder wall are called rugae.

About 180 liters of filtrate is formed each day.

The kidneys are located in the right and left iliac regions of the abdomen.

The detrusor muscle is the name given to the smooth muscle that makes up the bladder.

When urine "backs up," causing swelling in the renal pelvis and calyces,the condition is called hydronephrosis.

The urinary bladder is a collapsible bag located behind the symphysis pubis.

Negative ions such as chloride and phosphate are pulled out of the filtrate by the positive charge established by the sodium that was actively transported into the blood.

Any material such as water or glucose that enters the collecting duct will be lost to the body in the urine.