Exam 31: A: Urinary System

Creatinine is often measured to determine normal kidney function.

The proximal tubule is called "proximal" because it is nearest to Bowman capsule.

Each renal papilla juts into a cuplike structure called the renal pyramid.

A cushion of fat normally encases a kidney and helps hold it in position.

The respiratory system is the only system that removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Both sodium and glucose are moved into the peritubular capillaries by the active transport process.

The fluid at the top of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is about 100 mOsm,which makes it hypertonic to most other body fluids.

A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher-than-normal solute concentration in the urine.

A hydrostatic pressure gradient drives the filtration of much of the plasma into the nephron.

The sum of glomerular hydrostatic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure is the total force driving fluid from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule.

The reabsorption of electrolytes by the peritubular capillaries will cause obligatory water reabsorption.

One factor that influences the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus is the difference in diameter between the efferent and afferent arterioles.

The urochrome pigments impart a yellowish color to the urine.

Generally,the right kidney is larger than the left kidney.

Three processes are important in the formation of urine: filtration,tubular reabsorption,and tubular secretion.

The urinary meatus is the tube leading from the bladder to the exterior.

The myogenic mechanism helps regulate GFR by regulating the diameter of the efferent arterioles.

The calyx surrounds the renal papilla.

Aldosterone tends to increase urine volume,thereby promoting water loss.

When the mean arterial blood pressure doubles,so does glomerular filtration.