Exam 31: A: Urinary System

In the proximal tubule of the nephron,glucose and amino acids are transported with sodium and actively move out of the tubule fluid by means of the sodium cotransport mechanism.

The macula densa is considered a mechanoreceptor.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus has components in both the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arterioles.

Podocytes on the parietal walls of Bowman capsule help support the slit diaphragms that allow filtrate to leave the blood and enter Bowman capsule.

Structures such as the ureter and blood vessels enter and leave the kidney through the hilum.

The bladder has two main functions: to serve as a reservoir for urine until it leaves the body and,aided by the urethra,expels urine from the body

The capsular space is a microscopic space between the glomerulus and the parietal layer of Bowman capsule.

The prostatic urethra is found only in men.

Intense exercise causes temporary proteinuria.This is caused by minor kidney damage from the intense exercise.

Intense exercise causes temporary proteinuria.This is probably caused by an increase in permeability of the nephron's filtration membrane.

The kidney filters out only harmful and excess material.

If the Tmₐₓ for glucose was 300 mg/100 ml and a person had a glucose of 325 mg/100 ml,that person would have a glucose level of 25 mg/100 ml in the blood leaving the kidney and 300 mg/100 ml in the urine.

The yellowish pigment in the urine is derived from the breakdown of old red blood cells.